Text Readings in Lewis	Review questions	"To think about"
Chapter 9	pg. 187; 5, 7, 8, 10, 12, 13, and 14	pg. 187; 3, 6, 7, and 9

Objectives:
After studying this material you should be able to:

1. Use common objects such as pencils or paper clips to model the replication and movement of chromosomes in a cell through all stages of the cell cycle.

2. Use the appropriate terminology to describe the cycle stages and chromosome changes and movements in your cell cycle model in objective 1.

3. Using your body as a model organism, describe where we would find cells undergoing mitosis and where we would find cells that are not likely to be dividing.

4. Describe the mechanisms by which cell division is controlled in your body.

5. List the distinguishing characteristics of a cancer cell and describe the ways in which a cell may be triggered to become cancerous.

6. Explain how an understanding of the controls of the cell cycle might facilitate the development of cancer treatments.

Web resources for cell reproduction:

• Mitosis: an illustration of the mitotic process provided by Access Excellence.

• Cell Division: Binary Fission And Mitosis. This document,from An On-line Biology Book, is an text description of cell division with some nice drawings and lots of mitosis links at the very bottom of the page.

• The Dictionary of Cell Biology

• Mitosis movie, an animated movie from the University of Texas - not as big a file as the one below

• Video of real (time-lapse) mitosis from Mcgill University - a big file.

What do you know about it?

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• What causes it?

• What is different about cancer cells?

• How is it treated?
  

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What is the normal situation with cell division?

• Cell division and cell death
• The Cell Cycle (Lewis, pg. 171, fig. 9.3)

  Cell Cycle Diagram

  • Interphase
    • G1 (Growth)
      
    • S (Synthesis
      
    • G2 (Growth)

  • Mitosis
    • Prophase
      
    • Metaphae
      
    • Anaphase
      
    • Telophase
      

Control of Cell Division

• Cellular Clock - Teleomeres

• Effect of Neighboring Cells - Contact Inhibition

• Extra Cellular Influences
  • Hormones
    
  • Growth Factors

• Intracellular Influences
  • Kinases and Cyclins

Cell Division in a Tissue

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Where would you expect cells in your body to be dividing?

Where would you expect cells to not be dividing?

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• Stem Cells

• Cell Populations
  • Renewal Cell Populations (digestive tract)

  • Expanding Cell Populations (Repair, young organisms, some adult kidney, liver, pancreas, and bone marrow)

  • Static Cell Populations (Nerve & Muscle cells - stuck in G1)

Cancer Treatments Concentrate on Control of Cell Cycle

• Control of DNA Replication

• Preventing Cell Division

See OncoLink, Chemotherapy Introduction from the University of Pennsylvania.

Oncology drugs section of the Medical Sciences Bulletin

Take me home.