(I reserve the right to add links to this outline, but I will not change the content significantly. Ed)

Text Readings in Lewis	Review questions	"To think about"
Pages 862-870	Page 870 Questions 6, 7, 9, 11, & 12	Page 870 Questions 1, 3, & 4

Objectives:
After studying this material you should be able to:

1. Explain how the concepts listed below play an integral part in the energy flow and nutrient cycling of an ecosystem.

   Photosynthesis	Respiration
   Biosynthesis	Biomass
   Net Primary Production	Decomposition

   
   
2. Describe the relationship of each of the concepts above to the others in the list.

3. Describe the role of each of the concepts listed in objective #1 in the global carbon cycle.

4. Describe the roles of primary producers, herbivores, carnivores, decomposers, parasites, and symbiotic organisms in the energy flow and nutrient cycling of an ecosystem.

Global Trends in Environment and Development from World Resources Institute

Glossary Web Pages from Life, By Lewis

Biological Productivity in the Oceans

Iowa State Physics Dept. - a wealth of images and data dealing with the carbon cycle.

Web Links for Lewis, Chapter 42

• Photosynthesis

  CO2 +

  H2O +

  ---

  Light Energy

  --->

  Simple Carbohydrates

  + O2

• Respiration

  O2 +

  Simple Carbohydrates

  ---->

  Heat +

  Usable Chemical Energy

  + CO2

  + H2O

• Biosynthesis
  Lewis uses the term anabolism, see text, page 114

  Simple Compounds	+ Minerals +	Chemical Energy (From Respiration)	--->	Complex Compounds
  Simple Carbohydrates		------>		Complex Carbohydrates
  Fatty Acids & Glycerol		------>		Fats & Lipids
  Amino Acids		------>		Proteins
  Nucleotides		------>		DNA & RNA

• Net Primary Production of Autotrophs (NPP)

  Energy "Fixed" by Photosynthesis

  MINUS

  Energy "Released" by Respiration

  See Definition of NPP in Glossary on page 928 of Lewis.
  Glossary

• Biomass (of individual, population, trophic level, ecosystem)

  The total dry weight of organism(s) (See definition page 863 of Lewis)

  Productive potential of the Earth's vegetative biomass. NASA

• Decomposition and matter cycling

Factors affecting the amount of
carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.

How the Greenhouse Effect Works from World Resources Institute
This link was found by Tish Ramirez, Fall 1997

Lewis text figures 44.5 (greenhouse effect) and 42.13 (carbon cycle)

Carbon Cycle (from the Physics Dept. at Iowa State)

Changes in global atmospheric CO2 and global surface temperature over the last 160,000 years. U.S. Global Change Research Program

Atmospheric CO2 since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution. EPA

• Geological Factors

• Human Factors

• Biological Factors
  • Photosynthesis
  • Respiration
  • Biosynthesis
  • Net Primary Production
  • Biomass
  • Decomposition

Community Trophic Level Relationships

The Rule of Tens (90% of energy is lost as heat
at each trophic level)

Text figure 42.9 (10% rule of energy transfer)
Text figure 42.10 (Energy flow through an ecosystem)

• Producers
• Herbivores
• Carnivores
• Decomposers
• Parasites
• Symbiotic Organisms - Text figure 42.14 (The nitrogen cycle)