Text Readings in Lewis	Review questions	"To think about"
Chapter3 Amino Acids, Protein Structure & DNA, pgs 48-53 Chapter 14 Human genome Information, pgs302 & 303 Chapter 15 DNA Structure & Replication	pg. 323; 2, 4, 5, & 6	pg. 323; 3

Answers to many of these questions can be found on the "Answers to End-of-Chapter Questions" page at the text website.

For feedback, post possible answers and ideas in the folder "Text 'Review' and 'To Think About' Questions" in the Biology Chat Section of Web Crossing.

Objectives
After studying this material you should be able to:

1. Draw a diagram, create a concept map, or write a paragraph that explains the relationships among these terms;

   chromosome replication	chromatids	homologous chromosomes
   DNA	genes	gene loci
   alleles	traits	gene expression
   proteins	cell cycle

2. Use your chromosome models from discussion or lab to illustrate the location of a gene for the production of a particular protein. Illustrate the location of the gene on homologous chromosomes as well as sister chromatids.

3. Explain in general terms how the structure of the DNA molecule is related to the production of a specific protein, such as the Cystic Fibrosis membrane protein.

4. Describe the connections among;
   • variations in the structure of the DNA molecule of a gene for a particular trait,

   • the existence of different alleles for a gene,

   • different protein structures produced by different alleles for the same gene,

   • and, different expressions of the trait.

5. Describe the roles of DNA, DNA nucleotides, and enzymes in the semi-conservative replication of DNA.

6. Use your chromosome models to relate the process of DNA replication to the cell cycle, the formation of sister chromatids, and the replication of alleles.

General Web Resources:

• Primate Cytogenetics Network

• Graphics Gallery at Access Excellence.

• National Institute of Health Gene Testing Glossary

• The Dictionary of Cell Biology

• Mendelian Genetics Directory

• The Biology Project from the University of Arizona A set of tutorials dealing with biological molecules. Try the Large Molecules Link.

• University of Virginia Biology 121 Slide List

Cystic Fibrosis: An Example of the Role of Proteins in Gene Expression

• Proteins and Gene Expression

• Cystic Fibrosis: SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN, December, 1995,
  by Michael J. Welsh and Alan E. Smith
  Especially the illustration "Intact CFTR Protein" and text of the section entitled "How the Mutations Make Mischief".

• How are genes linked to disease? (from Access Excellence)

• Cystic Fibrosis: gene to product

• Production of disfunctional membrane protein that controls chloride ion movement across cell membranes of the cells of the respiratory passages of the lungs and other organs of the body.

• Chloride ions are trapped in the cells of the respiratory passages causing thickening the mucus in the respiratory passages.

• Relationship of the Structure of Proteins to their Functions.
  
  • Protein Molecules
    This page from the Department of Chemical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute is an excellent summary of protein structure.
    • Amino Acids
    • Primary Structure (Sequence of Amino Acids)
    • Secondary Structures (alpha helices or beta pleated sheets)
    • Tertiary Structure (3-D Folding)
    • Quaternary Structure (Association of 2 or more polypeptide chains)

  • Protein structure - Lots of images of protein models that you can see as 3-D if you look at them as "magic eye" pictures
    • alcohol dehydrogenase

    • insulin

    • human growth hormone and its cell membrane receptor protein

    • DNA polymerase

    • DNA repair enzyme

• Chromosomes and DNA Lewis Text, figure 15.10.

• DNA Nucleotides
  • Base - A, C, G, T
  • Sugear - Deoxyribose
  • Phosphate group
  • Complimentary Base Pairing - A-T & C-G
• DNA Molecule - Two Views (Access Excellence)

• Rotating DNA Molecule

• Unique Human Gene Sequence Collection

• Chromosome # 7 from previous link (see #562 Cystic Fibrosis Regulator Protein)

• CFTR genomic DNA sequence

• Cystic Fibrosis Mutation Data Base

• Cystic Fibrosis Mutation table

• What are genes? ( A good review of terminology!)

• How does heredity influence disease? (Cystic Fibrosis example)

DNA & Chromosome Replication

• Lewis Text pages 317 - 319

• Semi-Conservative DNA Replication movie

• DNA Replication diagram. (from the University of Arizona)

  

  

• The Collaboration of Proteins During Replication [of DNA]

Preview: Protein Synthesis (From Access Excelence)

THIS DIAGRAM WILL BE YOUR BEST FRIEND FOR THE SECOND EXAM!!!!
Print it out and keep it with you. Ed ;-)

Take me home.