A canted view of the c-subunit ring. The Ca-atoms of the aspartate involved in the H+-turbine are in yellow Reference Stock, D., Leslie, A.G.W. and Walker, J.E. (1999) Molecular architecture of the rotary motor in ATP synthase. Science 286, 1700-1705 ©Copyright 1996, Antony Crofts, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, a-crofts@uiuc.edu