Publications by Topic

 

 

 

Publications of Govindjee (both refereed and non-refereed)
(Note: * = Invited articles)


Overview of Photosynthesis

Emerson Effect, Quantum Yield, Two
Light Reactions, and Two Photosystems


New Pigments, Pigment Forms,
and New Fluorescence Bands


Light Emission

Primary Photochemistry & Reaction Centers

Electron Transfer

Other



Overview of Photosynthesis

*[1] Govindjee (2000) Milestones in Photosynthesis Research. In:Probing Photosynthesis. Edited by M.Younis,U.Pathre and P.Mohanty. Taylor & Francis, UK. pp. 9-39.

Emerson Effect, Quantum Yield, Two Light Reactions, and Two Photosystems     

[1] Govindjee and E. Rabinowitch (1960) Two Forms of chlorophyll a in vivo with Distinct Photochemical Function. Science. 132: 355-356.

[2] E. Rabinowitch, Govindjee and J.B. Thomas (1960) Inhibition of Photosynthesis in Some Algae by Extreme-Red Light. Science. 132: 422.

[3] Govindjee, S. Ichimura, C. Cederstrand, and E. Rabinowitch (1960) Effect of Combining Far-Red Light with Shorter Wave Light on the Excitation of Fluorescence in Chlorella. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 89: 322-323.

[4] J.B. Thomas and Govindjee (1960) Changes in Quantum Yield of Photosynthesis in the Red Alga Porphyridium cruentum Caused by the Stepwise Reduction in the Intensity of Light Preferentially Absorbed by the Phycobilins. Biophys. J. 1: 63-72.

[5] Govindjee and E. Rabinowitch (1960) Action Spectrum of the Second Emerson Effect. Biophysic. J. 1: 73-89.

[6] Govindjee, E. Rabinowitch, and J.B. Thomas (1960) Inhibition of Photosynthesis in Certain Algae by Extreme Red Light. Biophysic. J. 1: 91-97.

*[7] E. Rabinowitch and Govindjee (1961) Different Forms of chlorophyll a in vivo and Their Photochemical Function. In: Light and Life (eds. W.D. McElroy and B. Glass) The Johns Hopkins Press. pp. 378-387.

*[8] J.B. Thomas and Govindjee (1961) On the Long-wave Decline of the Quantum Yield of Photosynthesis in the Red Alga Porphyridium cruentum. In: Light and Life (eds. W.D. McElroy and B. Glass) The Johns Hopkins Press. pp. 475-478.

[9] R. Govindjee, Govindjee, and G. Hoch (1962) The Emerson Enhancement Effect in TPN-Photoreduction by Spinach Chloroplasts. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm. 9: 222-225.

[10] Govindjee, O.V.H. Owens, and G. Hoch (1963) A Mass Spectroscopic Study of the Emerson Enhancement Effect. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 75: 281-284.

*[11] Govindjee (1963) Emerson Enhancement Effect and Two Light Reactions in Photosynthesis: Dedicated to the Memory of Late Professor Robert Emerson. In: Photosynthetic Mechanisms of Green Plants (eds. B. Kok, and A.T. Jagendorf) Publication 1145, Nat. Acad. Sci. Nat. Res. Council. pp. 318-334.

[12] R. Govindjee, Govindjee, and G. Hoch (1964) Emerson Enhancement Effect in Chloroplast Reactions. Plant Physiol. 39: 10-14.

[13] Govindjee and R. Govindjee (1964) Induction Transients in O2 Evolution by Porphyridium cruentum in Monochromatic Light. Carnegie Inst. Wash. Year Book. 63: 468-472.

[14] Govindjee and R. Govindjee (1964) Oxygen Evolution From a Red Alga Exposed to Monochromatic Light Flashes with Background Light of Different Wavelengths and Intensities. Carnegie Inst. Wash. Year Book. 63: 472-477.

[15] Govindjee and R. Govindjee (1965) Two Different Manifestations of Enhancement in the Photosynthesis of Porphyridium cruentum in Flashing Monochromatic Light. Photochem. Photobiol. 4: 401-415.

[16] Govindjee and R. Govindjee (1965) Action Spectra for the Appearance of Difference Absorption Bands at 480 and 520 m in Illuminated Chlorella Cells and Their Possible Significance to a Two-Step Mechanism of Photosynthesis. Photochem. Photobiol. 4: 675-683.

[17] G. Bedell and Govindjee (1966) Quantum Yield of Oxygen Evolution and the Emerson Enhancement Effect in Deuterated Chlorella. Science. 152: 1383-1385.

[18] Govindjee and M. Bazzaz (1967) On the Emerson Enhancement Effect in the Ferricyanide Hill Reaction in Chloroplast Fragments. Photochem. Photobiol. 6: 885-894.

[19] M. Das and Govindjee (1967) A Long-wave Absorbing Form of chlorophyll a Responsible for the Red Drop in Fluorescence at 298 K and the F723 Band at 77 K. Biochim. et Biophys. Acta. 143: 570-576.

[20] C. Shimony, J. Spencer, and Govindjee (1967) Spectral Characteristics of Anacystis Particles. Photosynthetica. 1: 113-125.

[21] R. Govindjee, E. Rabinowitch, and Govindjee (1968) Maximum Quantum Yield and Action Spectra of Photosynthesis and Fluorescence in Chlorella. Biochim. et Biophys. Acta. 162: 530-544.

[22] P. Mohanty, B.Z. Braun (Zilinskas), Govindjee, and P. Thornber (1972) Chlorophyll Fluorescence Characteristics of System I Chlorophyll a-Protein Complex and System II Particles at Room and Liquid Nitrogen Temperatures. Plant Cell Physiol. 13: 81-91.

[23] M.B. Bazzaz and Govindjee (1973) Photochemical Properties of Mesophyll and Bundle Sheath Chloroplasts of Maize. Plant Physiol. 52: 257-262.

[24] R. Gasanov and Govindjee (1974) Chlorophyll Fluorescence Characteristics of Photosystems I and II from Grana and Photosystem I from Stroma Lamellae. Z. Pflanzenphysiol. 72: 193-202.

[25] R. Gasanov, Z.K. Abilov, R.M. Gazanchyan, U.M. Kurbanova, R. Khanna, and Govindjee (1979) Excitation Energy Transfer in Photosystems I and II from Grana and in Photosystem I from Stroma Lamellae, and Identification of Emission Bands with Pigment-Protein Complexes at 77 K. Z. Pflanzenphysiologie. 95: 149-169.

[26] D. Wong and Govindjee (1981) Action Spectra of Cation Effects on the Fluorescence Polarization and Intensity in Thylakoids at Room Temperature. Photochem. Photobiol. 33: 103-108.


New Pigments, Pigment Forms, and New Fluorescence Bands     

[1] Govindjee, C. Cederstrand, and E. Rabinowitch (1961) Existence of Absorption Bands at 730-740 and 750-760 Millimicrons in Algae of Different Divisions. Science. 134: 391-392.

[2] Govindjee (1963) Observations on P750A from Anacystis nidulans. Naturwissenschaften. 50: 720-721.

[3] A. Krey and Govindjee (1964) Fluorescence Changes in Porphyridium Exposed to Green Light of Different Intensity: A New Emission Band at 693 m and Its Significance to Photosynthesis. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA. 52: 1568-1572.

[4] C. Cederstrand, E. Rabinowitch, and Govindjee (1966) Analysis of the Red Absorption Band of chlorophyll a in vivo. Biochim. et Biophys. Acta. 126: 1-12.

[5] Govindjee and J.M. Briantais (1972) Chlorophyll b Fluorescence and an Emission Band at 700 nm at Room Temperature in Green Algae. FEBS Lett. 19: 278-280.

[6] G. Freyssinet, C.A. Rebeiz, J.M. Fenton, R. Khanna, and Govindjee (1980) Unequal Distribution of Novel Chlorophyll a and b Chromophores in Subchloroplast Particles of Higher Plants. Photobiochem. Photobiophys. 1: 203-212.


Chlorophyll a Fluorescence     

[1] Govindjee, S. Ichimura, C. Cederstrand, and E. Rabinowitch (1960) Effect of Combining Far-Red Light with Shorter Wave Light on the Excitation of Fluorescence in Chlorella. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 89: 322-323.

[2] A. Krey and Govindjee (1964) Fluorescence Changes in Porphyridium Exposed to Green Light of Different Intensity: A New Emission Band at 693 m and Its Significance to Photosynthesis. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA. 52: 1568-1572.

[3] Govindjee and L. Yang (1966) Structure of the Red Fluorescence Band in Chloroplasts. J.Gen.Physiol. 49: 763-780.

[4] A. Krey and Govindjee (1966) Fluorescence Studies on a Red Alga Porphyridium cruentum. Biochim. et Biophys. Acta. 120: 1-18.

[5] A. Ghosh, Govindjee, H.L. Crespi, and J.J. Katz (1966) Fluorescence Studies on Deuterated Chlorella vulgaris. Biochim. et Biophys. Acta. 120: 19-22.

[6] C. Cederstrand and Govindjee (1966) Some Properties of Spinach Chloroplast Fractions Obtained by Digitonin Solubilization. Biochim.Biophys.Acta. 120: 177-180.

[7] C. Cederstrand, E. Rabinowitch, and Govindjee (1966) Absorption and Fluorescence Spectra of Spinach Chloroplast Fractions Obtained by Solvent Extraction. Biochim. et Biophys. Acta. 120: 247-258.

[8] F. Cho, J. Spencer, and Govindjee (1966) Emission Spectra of Chlorella at Very Low Temperatures (-269 C to -196 C). Biochim. et Biophys. Acta. 126: 174-176.

[9] A.K. Ghosh and Govindjee (1966) Transfer of the Excitation Energy in Anacystis nidulans Grown to Obtain Different Pigment Ratios. Biophysic. J. 6: 611-619.

[10] L. Szalay, E. Rabinowitch, N. Murty, and Govindjee (1967) Relationship Between the Absorption and Emission Spectra and the Red Drop in the Action Spectra of Fluorescence in vivo. Biophysic. J. 7: 137-149.

[11] G. Papageorgiou and Govindjee (1967) Changes in Intensity and Spectral Distribution of Fluorescence. Effect of Light Pretreatment on Normal and DCMU-Poisoned Anacystis nidulans. Biophysic. J. 7: 375-390.

*[12] Govindjee, G. Papageorgiou, and E. Rabinowitch (1967) Chlorophyll Fluorescence and Photosynthesis. In: Fluorescence Theory, Instrumentation and Practice (ed. G.G. Guilbault) Marcel Dekker Inc. NY. pp. 511-564.

[13] M. Das and Govindjee (1967) A Long-wave Absorbing Form of chlorophyll a Responsible for the Red Drop in Fluorescence at 298 K and the F723 Band at 77 K. Biochim. et Biophys. Acta. 143: 570-576.

[14] L. Szalay, M. Törok, and Govindjee (1967) Effect of Secondary Fluorescence on the Emission Spectrum and Quantum Yield of Fluorescence in chlorophyll a Solutions and Algal Suspensions. Acta Biochim. Biophys. Acad. Sci. Hung. 2: 425-432.

[15] C. Shimony, J. Spencer, and Govindjee (1967) Spectral Characteristics of Anacystis Particles. Photosynthetica. 1: 113-125.

[16] R. Govindjee, E. Rabinowitch, and Govindjee (1968) Maximum Quantum Yield and Action Spectra of Photosynthesis and Fluorescence in Chlorella. Biochim. et Biophys. Acta. 162: 530-544.

[17] G. Papageorgiou and Govindjee (1968) Light Induced Changes in the Fluorescence Yield of chlorophyll a in vivo. I. Anacystis nidulans. Biophysic. J. 8: 1299-1315.

[18] G. Papageorgiou and Govindjee (1968) Light Induced Changes in the Fluorescence Yield of chlorophyll a in vivo. II. Chlorella pyrenoidosa. Biophysic. J. 8: 1316-1328.

[19] J.C. Munday, Jr. and Govindjee (1969) Light-Induced Changes in the Fluorescence Yield of chlorophyll a in vivo. III. The Dip and the Peak in the Fluorescence Transient of Chlorella pyrenoidosa. Biophysic. J. 9, 1-21.

[20] J.C. Munday, Jr. and Govindjee (1969) Light-Induced Changes in the Fluorescence Yield of chlorophyll a in vivo. IV. The Effect of Preillumination on the Fluorescence Transient of Chlorella pyrenoidosa. Biophysic. J. 9: 22-35.

[21] H. Merkelo, S.R. Hartman, T. Mar, G.S. Singhal, and Govindjee (1969) Mode locked Lasers: Measurements of Very Fast Radiative Decay in Fluorescent Systems. Science. 164: 301-302.

[22] H. deKlerk, Govindjee, M.D. Kamen, and J. Lavorel (1969) Age and Fluorescence Characteristics in Some Species of Athiorhodaceae. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 62: 972-978.

[23] E. Rabinowitch and Govindjee (1969) Photosynthesis. John Wiley and Sons Inc. NY. 273 pages.

[24] G. Papageorgiou and Govindjee (1969) The Second Wave of Fluorescence Induction in Chlorella pyrenoidosa. Progress in Photosynthesis Res. II: 905-912.

[25] J.C. Munday, Jr. and Govindjee (1969) Fluorescence Transients in Chlorella: Effects of Supplementary Light, Anaerobiosis and Methyl Viologen. Progress in Photosynthesis Res. II: 913-922.

[26] F. Cho and Govindjee (1970) Fluorescence Spectra of Chlorella in the 295-77 K Range. Biochim. et Biophys. Acta. 205: 371-378.

[27] P. Mohanty, J.C. Munday, Jr. and Govindjee (1970) Time-dependent Quenching of Chlorophyll a Fluorescence from (Pigment) System II by (Pigment) System I of Photosynthesis in Chlorella. Biochim. et Biophys. Acta. 223: 198-200.

[28] R. Govindjee, Govindjee, J. Lavorel, and J.M. Briantais (1970) Fluorescence Characteristics of Lyophilized Maize Chloroplasts Suspended in Buffer. Biochim. et Biophys. Acta. 205: 361-370.

[29] F. Cho and Govindjee (1970) Low-Temperature (4-77 K) Spectroscopy of Chlorella: Temperature Dependence of Energy Transfer Efficiency. Biochim. et Biophys. Acta. 216: 139-150.

[30] F. Cho and Govindjee (1970) Low Temperature (4-77 K) Spectroscopy of Anacystis: Temperature Dependence of Energy Transfer Efficiency. Biochim. et Biophys. Acta. 216: 151-161.

[31] G. Papageorgiou and Govindjee (1971) pH Control of the Chlorophyll a Fluorescence in Algae. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 234: 428-432.

*[32] Govindjee and G. Papageorgiou (1971) Chlorophyll Fluorescence and Photosynthesis: Fluorescence Transients. In: Photophysiology (ed. A.C. Giese) Academic Press, NY. 6: 1-46.

[33] P. Mohanty, T.Mar, and Govindjee (1971) Action of Hydroxylamine in the Red Alga Porphyridium cruentum. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 253: 213-221.

[34] P. Mohanty, G. Papageorgiou, and Govindjee (1971) Fluorescence Induction in the Red Alga Porphyridium cruentum. Photochem. Photobiol. 14: 667-682.

[35] Govindjee and J.M. Briantais (1972) Chlorophyll b Fluorescence and an Emission Band at 700 nm at Room Temperature in Green Algae. FEBS Lett. 19: 278-280.

[36] P. Mohanty, B.Z. Braun (Zilinskas), and Govindjee (1972) Fluorescence and Delayed Light Emission in Tris-Washed Chloroplasts. FEBS Lett. 20: 273-276.

[37] P. Mohanty, B.Z. Braun (Zilinskas), Govindjee, and P. Thornber (1972) Chlorophyll Fluorescence Characteristics of System I Chlorophyll a-Protein Complex and System II Particles at Room and Liquid Nitrogen Temperatures. Plant Cell Physiol. 13: 81-91.

[38] T. Mar and Govindjee (1972) Decrease in the Degree of Polarization of Chlorophyll Fluorescence Upon the Addition of DCMU to Algae. In: Photosynthesis, Two Centuries After its Discovery by Joseph Priestley (eds. G. Forti, M. Avron, and A. Melandri) Dr. W. Junk N.V. Publishers, Den Haag. pp. 271-281.

[39] T. Mar, Govindjee, G.S. Singhal, and H. Merkelo (1972) Lifetime of the Excited State in vivo. I. Chlorophyll a at Liquid Nitrogen Temperature; Rate Constant of Radiationless Deactivation and Trapping. Biophysic. J. 12: 797-808.

[40] Govindjee, J.H. Hammond, and H. Merkelo (1972) Lifetime of the Excited State in vivo. II. Bacteriochlorophyll in Photosynthetic Bacteria at Room Temperature. Biophysic. J. 12: 809-814.

[41] J.M. Briantais, H. Merkelo, and Govindjee (1972) Lifetime of the Excited State t in vivo. III. Chlorophyll During Fluorescence Induction in Chlorella pyrenoidosa. Photosynthetica. 6: 133-141.

*[42] Govindjee, G. Papageorgiou, and E. Rabinowitch (1973) Chlorophyll Fluorescence and Photosynthesis(Revision of 1967 article). In: Practical Fluorescence Theory, Methods, and Techniques (ed. G.G. Guilbault) Marcel Dekker Inc, NY. pp. 543-575.

[43] P. Mohanty, B.Z. Braun (Zilinskas), and Govindjee (1973) Light-induced Slow Changes in Chlorophyll a Fluorescence in Isolated Chloroplasts: Effects of Magnesium and Phenazine Methosulfate. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 292: 459-476.

[44] M.B. Bazzaz and Govindjee (1973) Absorption and Chlorophyll a Fluorescence Characteristics of Tris-treated and Sonicated Chloroplasts. Plant Sci. Lett. 1: 201-206.

[45] P. Mohanty and Govindjee (1973) Light-induced Changes in the Fluorescence Yield of Chlorophyll a in Anacystis nidulans. I. Relationships of Slow Fluorescence Changes with Structural Changes. Biochim. et Biophys. Acta. 305 95-104.

[46] P. Mohanty and Govindjee (1973) Effect of Phenazine Methosulfate and Uncouplers on Light-induced Chlorophyll a Fluorescence Yield Changes in Intact Algal Cells. Photosynthetica. 7: 146-160.

[47] M.B. Bazzaz and Govindjee (1973) Photochemical Properties of Mesophyll and Bundle Sheath Chloroplasts of Maize. Plant Physiol. 52: 257-262.

[48] P. Mohanty and Govindjee (1973) Light-induced Changes in the Fluorescence Yield of Chlorophyll a in Anacystis nidulans. II. The Fast Changes and the Effect of Photosynthetic Inhibitors on both the Fast and Slow Fluorescence Induction. Plant and Cell Physiol. 14: 611-629.

[49] R. Gasanov and Govindjee (1974) Chlorophyll Fluorescence Characteristics of Photosystems I and II from Grana and Photosystem I from Stroma Lamellae. Z. Pflanzenphysiol. 72: 193-202.

[50] P. Mohanty, Govindjee, and T. Wydrzynski (1974) Salt-induced Alterations of the Fluorescence Yield and of Emission Spectra in Chlorella. Plant Cell Physiol. 15: 213-224.

[51] D.L. VanderMeulen and Govindjee (1974) 12-(9-anthroyl)-Stearic Acid and Atebrin as Fluorescence Probes for Energetic Status of Chloroplasts. FEBS Lett. 45: 186-190.

[52] D.L. VanderMeulen and Govindjee (1974) Relation of Membrane Structural Changes to Energy Spillover in Oats and Spinach Chloroplasts: Use of Fluorescence Probes and Light Scattering. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 368: 61-70.

[53] T. Wydrzynski, E.L. Gross, and Govindjee (1975) Effects of Cations (Sodium and Magnesium) on the Dark and Light-induced Chlorophyll a Fluorescence Yields in Sucrose-washed Spinach Chloroplasts. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 376: 151-161.

[54] E.L. Gross, T. Wydrzynski, D. VanderMeulen, and Govindjee (1975) Monovalent and Divalent Cation-induced Changes in Chlorophyll a Florescence and Chloroplast Structure, In: Proc. 3rd Int. Congr. on Photosynthesis, Vol. I (ed. M. Avron) Elsevier Publ. Co. Amsterdam. pp. 345-361.

[55] D.L. VanderMeulen and Govindjee (1975) Anthroyl Stearate: A Fluorescent Probe for Chloroplasts. In: Proc. 3rd Int. Cong. on Photosynthesis Vol. I. (ed. M. Avron) Elsevier Publ. Co, Amsterdam. pp. 1095-1105.

[56] B.A. Zilinskas and Govindjee (1975) Silicomolybdate and Silicontungstate Mediated Dichlorophenyldimethylurea-insensitive Photosystem II Reaction: Electron Flow, Chlorophyll a Fluorescence and Delayed Light Emission Changes. Biochim. et Biophys. Acta. 387: 306-319.

[57] T. Wydrzynski and Govindjee (1975) A New Site of Bicarbonate Effect in Photosystem II of Photosynthesis: Evidence from Chlorophyll Fluorescence Transients in Spinach Chloroplasts. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 387: 403-408.

[58] Govindjee, J.H. Hammond, W.R. Smith, R. Govindjee, and H. Merkelo (1975) Lifetime of the Excited States in vivo. IV. Bacteriochlorophyll and Bacteriopheophytin in Rhodospirillum rubrum. Photosynthetica. 9: 216-219.

*[59] P. Mohanty and Govindjee (1974, printed in 1975) The Slow Decline and the Subsequent Rise of Chlorophyll Fluorescence Transients in Intact Algal Cells. The Plant Biochem. J. 1: 78-106.

[60] M. Das and Govindjee (1975) Action Spectra of Chlorophyll Fluorescence in Spinach Chloroplast Fractions Obtained by Solvent Extraction. Plant Biochem.J. 2: 51-60.

[61] D.L. VanderMeulen and Govindjee (1976) Anthroyl Stearate as a Fluorescent Probe of Chloroplast Membranes. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 449: 340-356.

[62] I. Moya, Govindjee, C. Vernotte, and J.M. Briantais (1977) Antogonistic Effect of Mono-and Divalent Cations on Lifetime t and Quantum Yield of Fluorescence f in Isolated Chloroplasts. FEBS Lett. 75: 13-18.

[63] P. Jursinic and Govindjee (1977) The Rise in Chlorophyll a Fluorescence Yield and Decay in Delayed Light Emission in Tris-washed Chloroplasts in the 6-100 Microsecond Time Range after an Excitation Flash. Biochim. et Biophys. Acta. 461: 253-267.

*[64] Govindjee (1977) chlorophyll a Fluorescence as a Probe for Locating the Site of Bicarbonate Action in Photosystem II of Photosynthesis. Acta Physica et Chemica Nova Series. 23: 49-60.

[65] J.A. Anton, P.A. Loach, and Govindjee (1978) Transfer of Excitation Energy Between Porphyrin Centers of a Covalently- linked Dimer. Photochem. Photobiol. 28: 235-242.

*[66] D. Wong, Govindjee, and P. Jursinic (1978) Analysis of Microsecond Fluorescence Yield and Delayed Light Emission Changes After a Single Flash in Pea Chloroplasts: Effects of Mono-and Divalent Cations. Photochem. Photobiol. 28: 963-974.

[67] D. Wong, K. Vacek, H. Merkelo, and Govindjee (1978) Excitation Energy Transfer Among chlorophyll a Molecules in Polystyrene: Concentration Dependence of Quantum Yield, Polarization and Lifetime of Fluorescence. Z. für Naturforschg. 33c: 863-869.

*[68] Govindjee and P.A. Jursinic (1979) Photosynthesis and Fast Changes in Light Emission by Green Plants. In: Photochem. Photobiol. Reviews, Vol. 4, (ed. K.C. Smith) The Plenum Press, NY. pp. 125-205.

[69] D. Wong and Govindjee (1979) Antagonistic Effects of Mono-and Divalent Cations on Polarization of Chlorophyll Fluorescence in Thylakoids and Changes in Excitation Energy Transfer. FEBS Lett. 97: 373-377.

[70] B.M. Sweeney, B.B. Prezelin, D. Wong, and Govindjee (1979) In Vivo chlorophyll a Fluorescence Transients and the Circadian Rhythm of Photosynthesis in Gonyaulax polyedra. Photochem. Photobiol. 30: 309-311.

[71] Govindjee, D. Wong, B.B. Prezelin, and B.M. Sweeney (1979) chlorophyll a Fluorescence of Gonyaulax polydera Grown on a Light-Dark Cycle and After Transfer to Constant Light. Photochem. Photobiol. 30: 405-411.

[72] D. Wong, H. Merkelo, and Govindjee (1979) Regulation of Excitation Transfer by Cations: Wavelength-Resolved Fluorescence Lifetimes and Intensities at 77 K in Thylakoid Membranes of Pea Chloroplasts. FEBS Lett. 104: 223-226.

[73] R. Gasanov, Z.K. Abilov, R.M. Gazanchyan, U.M. Kurbanova, R. Khanna, and Govindjee (1979) Excitation Energy Transfer in Photosystems I and II from Grana and in Photosystem I from Stroma Lamellae, and Identification of Emission Bands with Pigment-Protein Complexes at 77 K. Z. Pflanzenphysiologie. 95: 149-169.

[74] S. Malkin, D. Wong, Govindjee, and H. Merkelo (1980) Parallel Measurements on Fluorescence Lifetime and Intensity Changes from Leaves During the Fluorescence Induction. Photobiochem. Photobiophys. 1: 83-89.

[75] D. Wong, Govindjee, and H. Merkelo (1980) Effects of Bulk pH and of Monovalent and Divalent Cations on chlorophyll a Fluorescence and Electron Transport in Pea Thylakoids. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 592: 546-558.

[76] D.C. Fork and Govindjee (1980) Chlorophyll a Fluorescence Transients of Leaves from Sun and Shade Plants. Naturwishenschaften. 67: 510-511.

[77] Govindjee, W.J.S. Downton, D.C. Fork, and P.A. Armond (1981) chlorophyll a Fluorescence Transients as an Indicator of Water Potential of Leaves. Plant Sci. Lett. 20: 191-194.

[78] D. Wong, H. Merkelo, and Govindjee (1981) Estimation of Energy Distribution and Redistribution Among Two Photosystems Using Parallel Measurements of Fluorescence Lifetimes and Transients at 77 K. Photochem. Photobiol. 33: 97-101.

[79] D. Wong and Govindjee (1981) Action Spectra of Cation Effects on the Fluorescence Polarization and Intensity in Thylakoids at Room Temperature. Photochem. Photobiol. 33: 103-108.

[80] G.S. Singhal, P. Mohanty, and Govindjee (1981) Effects of Preheating Intact Algal Cells on Pigments Revealed by Absorption and Fluorescence Spectra. Z. für Pflanzenphysiologie. 103: 217-228.

[81] W.F.J. Vermaas and Govindjee (1982) Bicarbonate Effects on chlorophyll a Fluorescence Transients in the Presence and the Absence of Diuron. Biochim. et Biophys. Acta. 680: 202-209.

[82] T. Ogawa, D. Grantz, J. Boyer, and Govindjee (1982) Effects of Abscisic Acid on chlorophyll a Fluorescence in Guard Cells of Vicia faba. Plant Physiol. 69: 1140-1144.

[83] M.H.Spalding, C. Critchley, Govindjee and W.L. Ogren (1984) Influence of Carbon-di-oxide Concentration During Growth on Fluorescence Induction Characteristics of the Green Alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Photosynth. Res. 5: 169-176.

[84] Govindjee and K. Satoh (1986) Fluorescence Properties of Chlorophyll b-and Chlorophyll c-containing Algae. In: Light Emission by Plants and Bacteria (Govindjee et al. eds.). Academic Press, Orlando. pp. 497-537.

[85] J. J. Eaton-Rye and Govindjee (1988) Electron Transfer through the Quinone Acceptor Complex of Photosystem II in Bicarbonate-Depleted Spinach Thylakoid Membranes as a Function of Actinic Flash Number and Frequency. Biochim. et Biophys. Acta. 935: 237-247.

[86] J. J. Eaton-Rye and Govindjee (1988) Electron Transfer through the Quinone Acceptor Complex of Photosystem II after one or two Actinic Flashes in Bicarbonate-depleted Spinach Thylakoid Membranes. Biochim. et Biophys. Acta. 935: 248-257.

[87] C. Xu, L. C. Blair, S.M.D. Rogers, Govindjee and J. M. Widholm (1988) Characterestics of Five New Photoautotropic Suspension Cultures Including Two Amaranthus species and a Cotton Strain Growing on Ambient CO2 Levels. Plant Physiol. 88: 1297-1302.

[88] Govindjee, H. Robinson, A. R. Crofts and J. J. S. Van Rensen (1989) Bicarbonate does not influence electron transfer to the reaction center chlorophyll a of photosystem II: measurements by chlorophyll a fluoresence rise in microseconds. Naturwissenschaften. 76: 119-121.

[89] C. Xu, S.M.D. Rogers, C. Goldstein, J. M. Widholm and Govindjee (1989) Fluorescence Characterestics of Photoautrophic Soybean Cells. Photosynth. Res. 21: 93-106.

[90] Govindjee, M. Van de Ven, C. Preston, M. Seibert and E. Gratton (1990) chlorophyll a Fluorescence Lifetime Distributions in Open and Closed Photosystem II Reaction Center Preparations: Analysis by Multifrequency Phase Fluorometry. Biochim. et Biophys. Acta. 1015: 173-179.

[91] J. Cao and Govindjee (1990) chlorophyll a Fluorescence Transient as an Indicator of Active and Inactive Photosystem II in Thylakoid Membranes. Biochim. et Biophys. Acta. 1015: 180-188.

[92] C. Xu, J. Auger and Govindjee (1990) Chlorophyll a Fluorescence Measurements of Isolated Spinach Thylakoids using Single-Laser-based Flow Cytometry. Cytometry. 11: 349-358.

[93] F. El-Shintinawy and Govindjee (1990) Bicarbonate Effect in Leaf Discs from Spinach. Photosynth. Res. 24: 189-200.

[94] Govindjee, M. Van de Ven, C. Preston, M. Seibert and E. Gratton (1990). Recombinational Light Emission from Photosystem II Reaction Centers. Current Research in Photosynthesis. (M. Baltscheffsky ed.). I.2: 459-462. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, Netherlands.

[95] Govindjee, B. Schwarz, J-D. Rochaix and R.J. Strasser (1991) The Herbicide-resistant D1 Mutant L275F of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Fails to Show the Bicarbonate-reversible Formate Effect on Chlrophyll a Fluorescence Transients. Photosynth. Res. 27: 199-208.

[96] C. Xu, S. Taoka, A. R. Crofts and Govindjee (1991) Kinetic Characteristics of Formate/Formic Acid Binding at the Plastoquinone Reductase Site in Spinach Thylakoids. Biochim. et Biophys. Acta. 1098: 32-40.

[97] Govindjee, P. Eggenberg, K. Pfister and R. J. Strasser (1992) chlorophyll a Fluorescence Yield Decay in Herbicide-resistant D1 mutants of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and the Formate Effect. Biochim. et Biophys. Acta. 1101: 353-358.

[98] C. Xu, Y. Zhu and Govindjee (1992) Differential Inhibition and Rephasing of Photosystem II Electron Acceptor Side by Monohalogenated Acetates of Different Hydrophobicity. Z. Natur forschung. 47C: 121-126.

[99] R. Strasser, P. Eggenberg, K. Pfister and Govindjee (1992) An Equilibrium Model for Electron Transfer in Photostystem II Acceptor Complex: An Application to Chlamydomonas reinhardtii cells of D1 Mutants and Those Treated with Formate. Archives de Sceance, Genève. 45: 207-224.

[100] Govindjee, M. Van de Ven, J. Cao, C. Royer, and E. Gratton (1993) Multifrequency Cross-correlation Phase Fluorometry of Open and Closed Reaction Centers in Thylakoid Membranes and PSII-enriched Membranes. Photochem. Photobiol. 58: 437-444.

[101] V. P. Shinkarev and Govindjee (1993) Insight into the Relationship of Chlorophyll a Fluorescence Yield to the Concentration of Its Natural Quenchers in Oxygenic Photosynthesis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 90: 7466-7469.

[102] Govindjee, J.F.H. Snel, O. J. deVos and J.J.S. Van Rensen (1993) Antagonistic Effects of Light I and II on Chlorophyll a fluorescence yield and P700 turnover as monitors of carbon dioxide depletion in intact algal and cyanobacterial cells. Physiologia Plant. 89: 143-148.

[103] R. A. Roffey, D.M. Kramer, Govindjee and R.T. Sayre (1994) Lumenal side histidine mutations in the D1 protein of photosystem II affect donor side electron transfer in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Biochim. et Biophys. Acta. 1185: 257-270.

[104] A. Srivastava, R.J. Strasser and Govindjee (1995) Differential effects of dimethylbenzoquinone and dichlorobenzoquinone on chlorophyll fluorescence transient in spinach thylakoids. J. of Photochem. and Photobiol. B: Biology. 31: 163-169.

[105] A. Srivastava, R.J. Strasser and Govindjee (1995) Polyphasic rise of chlorophyll a fluorescence in herbicide-resistant D1 mutants of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Photosynth. Res. 43: 131-141.

*[106] Govindjee (1995) Sixty-three years since Kautsky: chlorophyll a fluorescence. Australian Journal of Plant Physiology. 22 : 131-160.[* invited overview]

[107] R.J. Strasser , A. Srivastava and Govindjee (1995) Polyphasic chlorophyll a fluorescence transient in plants and cyanobacteria. Photochem. and Photobiol. 61: 32-42.

[108] P. Maenpaa, T. Miranda, E. Tyystjarvi, T. Tyystjarvi, Govindjee, J-M. Ducruet, A.-L. Etienne and D. Kirilovsky (1995) A mutation in the D-de loop of D1 modifies the stability of the S2QA- and S2QB- states in photosystem II. Plant Physiol. 107: 187-197.

[109] A.M.Gilmore, T.L. Hazlett and Govindjee (1995) Xanthophyll cycle dependent non-photochemical quenching of chlorophyll a fluorescence at low physiological temperatures. In: Photosynthesis: from Light to Biosphere. (Ed. P. Mathis), Kluwer Academic Publishers, The Netherlands.Volume IV, pp. 825-828.

[110] R.S. Hutchison, J. Xiong, R.T. Sayre and Govindjee (1996) Construction and characterization of a photosystem II D1 mutant (arginine-269-glycine) of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Biochim. et Biophys. Acta. 1277 :83-92.

[111] A.Gilmore, T.L. Hazlett, P.G. Debrunner and Govindjee (1996) Comparative time-resolved photosystem II chlorophyll a fluorescence analyses reveal distinctive differences between photoinhibitory reaction center damage and xanthophyll cycle dependent energy dissipation. Photochem. and Photobiol. 64: 552-563.

[112] V.P.Shinkarev, C. Xu, Govindjee and C.A. Wraight (1997) Kinetics of the oxygen evolution step in plants determined from flash-induced chlorophyll a fluorescence. Photosynth. Res. 51: 43-49.

[113] A. Jajoo, S. Bharti, and Govindjee (1998) Anion-induced state changes in spinach thylakoid membranes. FEBS Lett. 434(1-2): 93-196.

[114] J. Xiong, J. Minagawa, A.R.Crofts, and Govindjee (1998) Loss of inhibition by formate in newly constructed Photosystem II D1 mutants, D1-R257E and D1-R257M, of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Biochim. et Biophys. Acta. 1365: 473-491.

[115] Govindjee, A.Srivastava , and R.J.Strasser (1998) The "oxygen clock" in greening pea leaves as probed by the period four oscillations in the fluorescence intensity at 50 micro-seconds and 2 milli-seconds after pre-flashing during the OJIP transient. In: Photosynthesis: Mechanisms and Effects. (Ed. G. Garab). Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, the Netherlands. pp. 1467-1450.

[116] P.J.Spilotro , S.C.Patil and Govindjee (1998) Chlorophyll a fluorescence measurements of an Arabidopsis mutant, altered in the gamma-subunit of the ATP synthase, display changes in non-photochemical quenching. In: Photosynthesis: Mechanisms and Effects. (Ed. G. Garab). Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, Netherlands. pp. 2253-2256.

[117] A.M.Gilmore , V.P.Shinkarev , T.L. Hazlett , and Govindjee (1998) Quantitative analysis of intrathylakoid pH and xanthophyll cycle effects on PSII fluorescence lifetime distributions and intensity. In: Photosynthesis: Mechanisms and Effects. (Ed. G. Garab). Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, Netherlands. pp. 2297-2300.

[118] G.C.Papageorgiou , Govindjee, R.Govindjee , M. Mimuro, K.Stamatakis , A.Alygizaki-Zorba , and N. Murata (1998) Temperature and lipid unsaturation effects on plasma and thylakoid membranes of Synechocystis sp PCC6803. In: Photosynthesis: Mechanisms and Effects. (Ed. G. Garab), Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, Netherlands. pp. 2485-2488.

[119] G.C. Papageorgiou, Govindjee, R. Govindjee, M. Mimuro, K. Stamatakis, A. Alygizaki-Zorba, N. Murata (1999).Light- induced and osmotically-induced changes in chlorophyll a fluorescence in two Synechocystic sp. PCC 6803 strains that differ in membrane lipid unsaturation. Photosynth. Res. 59: 125-136.

*[120] Govindjee (1999) Carotenoids in photosynthesis: An historical perspective. In: The Photochemistry of Carotenoids: Applications in Biology. Edited by H.A. Frank, A.J. Young, G. Britton and R.J. Cogdell. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, Netherlands. pp. 1-14.


[121] A. Srivastava, R.J. Strasser,and Govindjee (2000) Greening of peas: parallel measurements of 77K emission spectra, OJIP chlorophyll a fluorescence transient, period four oscillation of the initial fluorescence level, delayed light emission, and P700. Photosynthetica 37 (3):365-392.

[123] A. Gilmore, S.S. Itoh and Govindjee (2000) Global spectral-kinetic analysis of room temperature Chlorophyll a fluorescence from light harvesting antenna mutants of barley. Philosophical Transactions of Royal Society of London B 335, 1-14.

[124] Tyystjaervi, E., M. Keränen, P. Mulo, Govindjee; J.J. S. van Rensen and E-M. Aro (2001) Chlorophyll a fluorescence yield decay, thermoluminescence and delayed light emission in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 D1 mutants with deleted aminoacids in the DE loop:T227-Y246; R225-F239; R225-V249; and G240-V249. To be submitted.


Delayed Fluorescence     

[1] W.T. Stacy, T.Mar, C.E. Swenberg, and Govindjee (1971) An Analysis of a Triplet Exciton Model for the Delayed Light in Chlorella. Photochem. Photobiol. 14: 197-219.

[2] P. Mohanty, B.Z. Braun (Zilinskas), and Govindjee (1972) Fluorescence and Delayed Light Emission in Tris-Washed Chloroplasts. FEBS Lett. 20: 273-276.

[3] P. Jursinic and Govindjee (1972) Thermoluminescence and Temperature Effects on Delayed Light Emission (Corrected for Changes in Quantum Yield of Fluorescence) in DCMU-Treated Algae. Photochem. Photobiol. 15: 331-348.

[4] P. Jursinic and Govindjee (1972) Delayed Light Emission in DCMU-treated Chlorella: Temperature Effects. In: Photosynthesis, Two Centuries After its Discovery by Joseph Priestley.(eds. G. Forti, M. Avron, and A. Melandri). Dr. W. Junk N.V. Publishers, Den Haag. pp. 223-232.

[5] T. Mar, G. Roy, and Govindjee (1974) Effect of Chloride and Benzoate Anions on the Delayed Light Emission in DCMU- treated Spinach Chloroplasts. Photochem. Photobiol. 20: 501-504.

[6] B.A. Zilinskas and Govindjee (1975) Silicomolybdate and Silicontungstate Mediated Dichlorophenyldimethylurea-insensitive Photosystem II Reaction: Electron Flow, Chlorophyll a Fluorescence and Delayed Light Emission Changes. Biochim. et Biophys. Acta. 387: 306-319.

[7] P. Jursinic and Govindjee (1977) The Rise in Chlorophyll a Fluorescence Yield and Decay in Delayed Light Emission in Tris-washed Chloroplasts in the 6-100 Microsecond Time Range after an Excitation Flash. Biochim. et Biophys. Acta. 461: 253-267.

[8] P. Jursinic and Govindjee (1977) Temperature Dependence of Delayed Light Emission in the 6 to 340 Microsecond Range After a Single Flash in Chloroplasts. Photochem. Photobiol. 26: 617-628.

[9] P. Jursinic, Govindjee, and C.A. Wraight (1978) Membrane Potential and Microsecond to Millisecond Delayed Light Emission After a Single Excitation Flash in Isolated Chloroplasts. Photochem. Photobiol. 27: 61-71.

*[10] D. Wong, Govindjee, and P. Jursinic (1978) Analysis of Microsecond Fluorescence Yield and Delayed Light Emission Changes After a Single Flash in Pea Chloroplasts: Effects of Mono-and Divalent Cations. Photochem. Photobiol. 28: 963-974.

[11] P. Jursinic and Govindjee (1982) Effects of Hydroxylamine and Silicomolybdate on the Decay in Delayed Light Emission in the 6-100 Microsecond Range after a single 10 ns Flash in Pea Thylakoids. Photosynth. Res. 3: 161-177.

[12] Gy. Garab, Zs. Rozsa and Govindjee (1988) Carbon-dioxide affects Charge Accummulation in Leaves: Measurements by Thermoluminescence. Naturwissenschaften. 75: 517-519.

[13] Tyystjaervi,E. Kernen,M. Mulo,P.Govindjee, van Rensen, J.J.S. and Aro,E-M. (1999) chlorophyll a fluorescence yield decay, thermoluminescence and delayed light emission in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 D1 mutants with deleted aminoacids in the DE loop:T227-Y246; R225-F239; R225-V249; and G240-V249. To be submitted.

[14] Tyystjaervi, E., M. Keränen, P. Mulo, Govindjee; J.J. S. van Rensen and E-M. Aro (1999) Chlorophyll a fluorescence yield decay, thermoluminescence and delayed light emission in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 D1 mutants with deleted aminoacids in the DE loop:T227-Y246; R225-F239; R225-V249; and G240-V249. To be submitted.


Thermoluminescence     

[1] T. Mar and Govindjee (1971) Thermoluminescence in Spinach Chloroplasts and in Chlorella. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 226: 200-203.

[2] P. Jursinic and Govindjee (1972) Thermoluminescence and Temperature Effects on Delayed Light Emission (Corrected for Changes in Quantum Yield of Fluorescence) in DCMU-Treated Algae. Photochem. Photobiol. 15: 331-348.

[3] Govindjee, T.S. Desai, V.G. Tatake, and P.V. Sane (1977) A New Glow Peak in Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides. Phtotchem.Photobiol. 25: 119-122.

[4] P.V. Sane, T.S. Desai, V.G. Tatake, and Govindjee (1977) On the Origin of Glow Peaks in Euglena Cells, Spinach Chloroplasts and Subchloroplast Fragments Enriched in System I or II. Photochem. Photobiol. 26: 33-39.

[5] V.G. Tatake, T.S. Desai, Govindjee, and P.V. Sane (1981) Energy Storage States of Photosynthetic Membranes: Activation Energies and Lifetimes of Electrons in the Trap States by Thermoluminescence Method. Photochem. Photobiol. 33: 243-250.

[6] D. DeVault, Govindjee and W. Arnold (1983) Energetics of Photosynthetic Glow Peaks. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 80: 983-987.

[7] W. Rutherford, Govindjee and Y. Inoue (1984) Charge Accumulation and Photochemistry in Leaves Studied by Thermoluminescence and Delayed Light Emission. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 81: 1107-1111.

[8] A.W. Rutherford, Govindjee and Y. Inoue (1984) Thermoluminescence as a probe of Photosystem II in Leaves. In: C. Sybesma (ed.) Advances in Photosynthesis Research, Martinus Nijhoff/Dr. W. Junk Publishers, Den Haag. pp. 261-264.

[9] Govindjee, H.Y. Nakatani, A.W. Rutherford and Y. Inoue (1984) Evidence from Thermoluminescence for Bicarbonate Action on the Recombination Reactions Involving the Secondary Quinone Electron Acceptor of Photosystem II. Biochim. et Biophys. Acta. 766: 416-423.

[10] Govindjee, H. Koike, and Y. Inoue (1985) Thermoluminiscence and Oxygen Evolution from a Thermophilic #051FB0 -green Alga Obtained After Single-turnover Light Flashes. Photochem. Photobiol. 42: 579-585.

*[11] S. Demeter and Govindjee (1989) Thermoluminescence from Plants. Physiologia Plantarum. 75: 121-130.

[12] D. DeVault and Govindjee (1990) Photosynthetic Glow Peaks and their Relationship with the Free Energy Changes. Photosynthesis Research. 24 : 175-181.

[13] D.M. Kramer, R.A. Roffey, Govindjee and R.T. Sayre (1994) The At thermoluminescence band from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and the effects of mutagenesis of histidine residues on the donor side of the photosystem II D1 polypeptide. Biochim. et Biophys. Acta. 1185: 228-237.

[14] Maenpaa, P. T. Miranda, E. Tyystjarvi, T. Tyystjarvi, Govindjee, J-M. Ducruet, A.-L. Etienne and D. Kirilovsky (1995) A mutation in the D-de loop of D1 modifies the stability of the S2QA- and S2QB- states in photosystem II. Plant Physiol. 107: 187-197.

*[15] Vass, I. and Govindjee (1996) Thermoluminescence from the photosynthetic apparatus. Photosynth. Res. 48: 117-126. [*invited minireview]

[16] Keränen M., Mulo P., Aro E.-M., Govindjee, and Tyystjärvi E (1998) Thermoluminescence B and Q bands are at the same temperature in an autotrophic and a heterotrophic D1 protein mutant of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. In: Photosynthesis: Mechanisms and Effects. (Ed. G. Garab). Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, Netherlands. pp. 1145-1148.

[17] Tyystjaervi, E., M. Keränen, P. Mulo, Govindjee; J.J. S. van Rensen and E-M. Aro (1999) Chlorophyll a fluorescence yield decay, thermoluminescence and delayed light emission in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 D1 mutants with deleted aminoacids in the DE loop:T227-Y246; R225-F239; R225-V249; and G240-V249. To be submitted.


Reaction Centers     

[1] Govindjee, G. Döring, and R. Govindjee (1970) The Active Chlorophyll a II in Suspensions of Lyophilized and Tris-Washed Chloroplasts. Biochim. et Biophys. Acta. 205: 303-306.

[2] R. Govindjee, W.R. Smith, Jr. and Govindjee (1974) Interaction of Viologen Dyes with Chromatophores and Reaction-Center Preparations from Rhodospirillum rubrum. Photochem. Photobiol. 20: 191-199.

[3] K. Vacek, D. Wong, and Govindjee (1977) Absorption and Fluorescence Properties of Highly Enriched Reaction Center Particles of Photosystem I and of Artificial Systems. Photochem. Photobiol. 26: 269-276.

*[4] Govindjee (1978) Ultrafast Reactions in Photosynthesis. Photochem. Photobiol. 28: 935-938.

[5] J.M. Fenton, M.J. Pellin, Govindjee, and K. Kaufmann (1979) Primary Photochemistry of the Reaction Center of Photosystem I. FEBS Lett. 100: 1-4.

[6] M.R. Wasielewski, J.M. Fenton, and Govindjee (1987) The Rate of Formation of P700 [+]-Ao[-] in Photosystem I Particles from Spinach as Measured by Picosecond Transient Absorption Spectroscopy. Photosynth. Res. 12: 181-190.

[7] M. R. Wasielewski, D. G. Johnson, M. Seibert and Govindjee (1989) Determination of the Primary Charge Separation Rate in Isolated Photosystem II Reaction Centers with 500 Femtosecond Time Resolution. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 86: 524-548.

[8] M. R. Wasielewski, D. G. Johnson, Govindjee, C. Preston and M. Seibert (1989) Determination of the Primary Charge Separation Rate in Photosystem II Reaction Centers at 15K. Photosynth. Res. 22: 89-100.

[9] Govindjee, M. Van de Ven, C. Preston, M. Seibert and E. Gratton (1990) chlorophyll a Fluorescence Lifetime Distributions in Open and Closed Photosystem II Reaction Center Preparations: Analysis by Multifrequency Phase Fluorometry. Biochim. et Biophys. Acta. 1015: 173-179.

[10] M. Seibert, S. Toon, Govindjee, M. P. O'Neil and M. R. Wasielewski (1992) Primary Charge Separation in Isolated Photosystem II Reaction Centers. Research in Photosynthesis. (N. Murata ed.). II: 41-44. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, Netherlands.

[11] Wiederrecht, G.P. M. Seibert, Govindjee and M.R. Wasielewski (1994) Femtosecond dichroism studies of isolated photosystem II reaction centers. Proceed. of the National Acad. of Sci. USA. 91: 8999-9003.

[12]Halls S., Downie S.R. and Govindjee (1995) Phylogenetic analysis of photosystems I and II. In: Photosynthesis: from Light to Biosphere. (Ed. P. Mathis), Kluwer Academic Publishers, The Netherlands.Volume I, pp. 955-958.

[13] Xiong, J. S. Subramaniam and Govindjee (1996) Modeling of the D1/D2 proteins and cofactors of the photosystem II reaction center : Implications for herbicide and bicarbonate binding. Protein Sci. 5 :2054-2073.

[14] Greenfield, S.R. M. Seibert, Govindjee and M.R. Wasielewski (1996) Wavelength and intensity dependent primary photochemistry of isolated photosystem II reaction centers at 5 C. Chemical Physics. 210 : 279-295.

[15] Greenfield, S.R.M. Seibert, Govindjee and M.R. Wasielewski (1997) Direct measurement of the effective rate constant for primary charge separation in isolated photosystem II reaction centers. J. of Physical Chem. 101: 2251-2255.

[16] Xiong, J. Subramaniam, S. and Govindjee (1998) A knowledge-based three dimensional model of the Photosystem II reaction center of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Photosynth. Res. 56: 229-254.


Oxygen Evolution: Electron Transport     

[1] G. Papageorgiou and Govindjee (1967) Oxygen Evolution from Lyophilized Anacystis with Carbon Dioxide as Oxidant. Biochim. et Biophys. Acta. 131: 173-178.

[2] B.Z. Braun (Zilinskas) and Govindjee (1972) Antibodies Against an Intermediate on the Water Side of Photosystem II of Photosynthesis. FEBS Lett. 25: 143-146.

[3] T. Mar and Govindjee (1972) Kinetic Models of Oxygen Evolution in Photosynthesis. J. Theoret. Biol. 36: 427-446.

[4] B.Z. Braun (Zilinskas) and Govindjee (1974) Antisera Against a Component of the Oxygen-Evolving Side of System II Reaction: Antisera Prepared Against an Extract from Frozen and Thawed Chloroplasts. Plant Sci. Lett. 3: 219-227.

[5] T. Wydrzynski, N. Zumbulyadis, P.G. Schmidt, and Govindjee (1975) Water Proton Relaxation as a Monitor of Membrane- bound Manganese in Spinach Chloroplasts. Biochim. et Biophys. Acta. 408: 349-354.

[6] B. Zilinskas and Govindjee (1976) Stabilization by Glutaraldehyde Fixation of Chloroplast Membranes Against Inhibitors of Oxygen Evolution. Zeitschrift für Pflanzenphysiol. 77: 302-314.

[7] T. Wydrzynski, N. Zumbulyadis, P.G. Schmidt, H.S. Gutowsky, and Govindjee (1976) Proton Relaxation and Charge Accumulation During Oxygen Evolution in Photosynthesis. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA, 73: 1196-1198.

*[8] Govindjee, T. Wydrzynski, and S.B. Marks (1977) The Role of Manganese in the Oxygen Evolving Mechanism of Photosynthesis. In: Bioenergetics of Membranes (eds. L. Packer, G. Papageorgiou, and A. Trebst) Elsevier/North Holland Biomedical Press. pp. 305-316.

[9] T.J. Wydrzynski, S.B. Marks, P.G. Schmidt, Govindjee, and H.S. Gutowsky (1978) Nuclear Magnetic Relaxation by the Manganese in Aqueous Suspensions of Chloroplasts. Biochemistry. 17: 2155-2162.

[10] J.J.S. van Rensen, D. Wong, and Govindjee (1978) Characterization of the Inhibition of Photosynthetic Electron Transport in Pea Chloroplasts by the Herbicide 4, 6 Dinitro-o-cresol by Comparative Studies with 3-(3-4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea. Z. für Naturforschg. 33c: 413-420.

*[11] Govindjee, T. Wydrzynski, and S.B. Marks (1978) Manganese and Chloride: Their Roles in Photosynthesis. In: Symposium on Photosynthetic Oxygen Evolution (ed. H. Metzner) Academic Press, London. pp. 321-344.

*[12] Govindjee (1980) The Oxygen Evolving System of Photosynthesis. Plant Biochem. J. Sicar Memorial Volume. 7-30.

*[13] Govindjee and T. Wydrzynski (1981) Oxygen Evolution, Manganese, ESR and NMR. In: Photosynthesis, Vol. II. Photosynthetic Electron Transport and Photophosphorylation. (ed. G.Akoyunoglou), Balaban International Science Services, Philadelphia. pp. 293-306.

[14] R. Khanna, S. Rajan, Govindjee, and H.S. Gutowsky (1981) NMR and ESR Studies of Thylakoid Membranes. In: Photosynthesis, Vol. II. Photosynthetic Electron Transport and Photophosphorylation. (ed. G. Akoyunoglou) Balaban International Science Services, Philadelphia. pp. 307-316.

[15] C. Critchley, I.C. Baianu, Govindjee and H.S. Gutowsky (1982) The Role of Chloride in O2 Evolution by Thylakoids from Salt-tolerant Higher Plants. Biochim. et Biophys. Acta. 682: 436-445.

[16] I.C. Baianu, C. Critchley, Govindjee and H.S. Gutowsky (1984) NMR Study of Chloride-Ion Interactions with Thylakoid Membranes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 81: 3713-3717.

*[17] Govindjee, T. Kambara, and W. Coleman (1985) The Electron Donor Side of Photosystem II: The Oxygen Evolving Complex. Photochem. Photobiol. 42: 187-210.

[18] T. Kambara and Govindjee (1985) Molecular Mechanism of Water Oxidation in Photosynthesis Based on the Functioning of Manganese in Two Different Environments. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA. 82: 6119-6123.

*[19] G. Renger and Govindjee (1985) The Mechanism of Photosynthetic Water Oxidation. Photosynth. Res. 6: 33-55.

*[20] W. Coleman and Govindjee (1985) The Role of Chloride in Oxygen Evolution. In: Proceedings of the 16th FEBS Congress, Part B. VNU Science Press, Utrecht, Netherlands. pp. 21-28.

*[21] S. Padhye, T.Kambara, D.N. Hendrickson, and Govindjee (1986) Manganese-histidine Cluster as the Functional Center of the Water Oxidation Complex in Photosynthesis. Photosynth. Res. 9: 103-112.

[22] Govindjee and K. Satoh (1986) Fluorescence Properties of Chlorophyll b-and Chlorophyll c-containing Algae. In: Light Emission by Plants and Bacteria (Govindjee et al. eds.). Academic Press, Orlando. pp. 497-537.

*[23] Govindjee and J.J. Eaton-Rye (1986) Electron Transfer through Photosystem II Acceptors: Interactions with Anions. Photosynth. Res. 10: 365-379.

*[24] Govindjee (1986) Mechanism of Oxygen Evolution in Photosynthesis (translated into Russian). (Soviet) Journal of D.I. Mendeleeva Chemical Society. 31: 514-524.

*[25] Govindjee (1986) Mechanism of Oxygen Evolution in Photosynthesis (translated into Russian). (Soviet) Journal of D.I. Mendeleeva Chemical Society. 31: 514-524.

*[26] D.R. Ort and Govindjee (1987) Introduction to Oxygenic Photosynthesis. In: Photosynthesis, Vol. I. (translated into Russian by A.O. Ganago, E.V. Ganago, and A.A. Melkosernova; Edited by by A.A. Krasnovsky and F.F. Litvin). Mir Publishers, Moscow, USSR. pp. 8-89.

[27] W.J. Coleman, Govindjee and H.S. Gutowsky (1987) Involvement of Ca [2+] in Cl[-] Binding to the Oxygen Evolving Complex of Photosystem II. Progress in Photosynthesis Research. 1: 629-632.

*[28] W.J. Coleman and Govindjee (1987) A Model for the Mechanism of Chloride Activation of Oxygen Evolution in Photosystem II. Photosynth. Res. 13: 199-223.

[29] W.J. Coleman, Govindjee and H.S. Gutowsky (1987) [35]Cl[-] NMR Measurement of Chloride Binding to the Oxygen-Evolving Complex of Spinach Photosystem II. Biochim. et Biophys. Acta. 894: 443-452.

[30] W.J. Coleman, Govindjee and H.S. Gutowsky (1987) The Location of the Chloride Binding Sites in the Oxygen Evolving Complex of Spinach Photosytem II. Biochim. et Biophys. Acta. 894: 453-459.

*[31] W. J. Coleman and Govindjee (1987) Applications of [35]Cl[-]NMR to the study of Chloride-binding in the oxygen-evolving complex of Photosystem II. In: Current Trends in Life Sciences, XIII Biomembranes: structure, biogenesis and transport. Today and Tomorrow's Printers and Publishers, New Delhi. pp. 215-220.

[32] J. Coleman, Govindjee and H. S. Gutowsky (1988) The Effect of Chloride on the Thermal Inactivation of Oxygen Evolution. Photosynth. Res. 16: 261-276.

*[33] Govindjee and P. H. Homann (1989) Function of Chloride in Water Oxidation in Photosynthesis. In: Highlights of Modern Biochemistry. (A. Kotyk, J. Skoda, V. Paces and V. Kostka eds.). VSP International Science Publishers Ziest. pp. 933-960.

*[34] Govindjee (1989) The Role of Chloride in Oxygen Evolution. In: Photosynthesis: Molecular Biology and Bioenergetics (G.S. Singhal, J. Barber, R. Dilley, Govindjee, R. Haselkorn and P. Mohanty, eds.) Narosa Publishers, New Delhi. pp. 147-162.

[35] H. Shim, J. Cao, Govindjee and P. G. Debrunner (1990) Purification of Highly Active Oxygen-Evolving Photosystem II from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Photosynth. Res. 26: 223-228.

*[36] Govindjee and W. Coleman (1993) Oxidation of Water to Molecular Oxygen. In: Photosynthesis: Photoreactions to Productivity. (Y. Abrol, P. Mohanty and Govindjee. eds.). Oxford/IBH Private Ltd. New Delhi. pp. 83-108

[37] Xu, C. R. Li, Y. Shen and Govindjee (1995) The sequential release of three extrinsic polypeptides in the PS II particles by high concentrations of trichloroacetates. Naturwissenschaften. 82: 477-478.

[38] Shinkarev, V.P. C. Xu, Govindjee and C.A. Wraight (1997) Kinetics of the oxygen evolution step in plants determined from flash-induced chlorophyll a fluorescence. Photosynth. Res. 51: 43-49.

[39] Xiong, J. Subramaniam, S. and Govindjee (1998) A knowledge-based three dimensional model of the Photosystem II reaction center of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Photosynth. Res. 56: 229-254.

[40] Govindjee, Srivastava A., and Strasser R.J.(1998) The "oxygen clock" in greening pea leaves as probed by the period four oscillations in the fluorescence intensity at 50 micro-seconds and 2 milli-seconds after pre-flashing during the OJIP transient. In: Photosynthesis: Mechanisms and Effects. (Ed. G. Garab). Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, the Netherlands. pp. 1467-1450.

[41] A. Srivastava, R.J. Strasser,and Govindjee (2000) Greening of peas: parallel measurements of 77K emission spectra, OJIP chlorophyll a fluorescence transient, period four oscillation of the initial fluorescence level, delayed light emission, and P700. Photosynthetica 37 (3):365-392.

[42] Yu, Y., R. Li, C. Xu, , K. Ruan, Y. Shen and Govindjee (2000) N-bromosccinimide modification of tryptophan 241 at the C-terminus of the manganese stabilizing protein of plant photosystem II influences its structure and function. Physiologia Plantarum, 110: in press.


Regulation of Electron Transport: Bicarbonate Effects     

[1] A. Stemler and Govindjee (1973) Biocarbonate Ion as a Critical Factor in Photosynthetic Oxygen Evolution. Plant Physiol. 52: 119-123.

[2] A. Stemler and Govinjdee (1974) Effects of Bicarbonate Ion on Chlorophyll a Fluorescence Transients and Delayed Light Emission from Maize Chloroplasts. Photochem. Photobiol. 19: 227-232.

[3] A. Stemler and Govindjee (1974) Bicarbonate Stimulation of Oxygen Evolution, Ferricyanide Reduction and Photoinactivation Using Isolated Chloroplasts. Plant Cell Physiol. 15: 533-544.

*[4] A. Stemler and Govindjee (1974) Bicarbonate Stimulation of Oxygen Evolution in Chloroplast Membranes. In: International Symposium in Biomembranes (ed. L. Packer). Academic Press, NY. pp. 319-330.

[5] A. Stemler, G.T. Babcock, and Govindjee (1974) The Effect of Bicarbonate on Photosynthetic Oxygen Evolution in Flashing Light in Chloroplast Fragments. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA. 71. 4679-4683.

[6] Govindjee, A.J. Stemler, and G.T. Babcock (1975) A Critical Role of Bicarbonate in the Reaction Center II Complex During Oxygen Evolution in Isolated Broken Chloroplasts. In: Proc. 3rd Int. Cong. on Photosynthesis, Vol. I (ed. M. Avron) Elsevier Publ. Co, Amsterdam. pp. 363-371.

[7] T. Wydrzynski and Govindjee (1975) A New Site of Bicarbonate Effect in Photosystem II of Photosynthesis: Evidence from Chlorophyll Fluorescence Transients in Spinach Chloroplasts. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 387: 403-408.

[8] Govindjee, M.P.J. Pulles, R. Govindjee, H.J. van Gorkom, and L.N.M. Duysens (1976) Inhibition of the Reoxidation of the Secondary Electron Acceptor of Photosystem II by Bicarbonate Depletion. Biochim. et Biophys. Acta. 449: 602-605.

[9] P. Jursinic, J. Warden, and Govindjee (1976) A Major Site of Bicarbonate Effect in System II Reaction: Evidence from ESR Signal II vf, Fast Fluorescence Yield Changes and Delayed Light Emission. Biochim. et Biophys. Acta. 440: 323-330.

[10] R. Khanna, Govindjee, and T. Wydrzynski (1977) Site of Bicarbonate Effect in Hill Reaction: Evidence from the Use of Artificial Electron Acceptors and Donors. Biochim. et Biophys. Acta. 462: 208-214.

[11] U. Siggel, R. Khanna, G. Renger, and Govindjee (1977) Investigation of the Absorption Changes of the Plastoquinone System in Broken Chloroplasts: The Effect of Bicarbonate Depletion. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 462: 196-207.

*[12] Govindjee (1977) chlorophyll a Fluorescence as a Probe for Locating the Site of Bicarbonate Action in Photosystem II of Photosynthesis. Acta Physica et Chemica Nova Series. 23: 49-60.

*[13] Govindjee and R. Khanna (1978) Bicarbonate: Its Role in Photosystem II. In: Photosynthetic Oxygen Evolution (ed. H. Metzner) Academic Press, London. pp. 269-282.

*[14] Govindjee and J.J.S. van Rensen (1978) Bicarbonate Effects on the Electron Flow in Isolated Broken Chloroplasts. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 505: 183-213.

*[15] D. Jordan and Govindjee (1980) Bicarbonate Stimulation of Electron Flow in Thylakoids. Golden Jubilee Commemoration Volume of the National Academy of Sciences(India). 369-378.

[16] R. Khanna, R. Wagner, W. Junge, and Govindjee (1980) Effects of CO2-Depletion on Proton Uptake and Release in Thylakoid Membranes. FEBS Lett. 121: 222-224.

[17] R. Khanna, K. Pfister, A. Keresztes, J.J.S. van Rensen, and Govindjee (1981) Evidence for a Close Spatial Location of the Binding Sites of and for Photosystem II Inhibitors. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 634: 105-116.

[18] G. Sarojini and Govindjee (1981) On the Active Species in Bicarbonate Stimulation of Hill Reaction in Thylakoid Membranes. Biochim. et Biophys. Acta. 634: 340-343.

*[19] W.F.J. Vermaas and Govindjee (1981) Unique Role(s) of Carbon Dioxide and Bicarbonate in the Photosynthetic Electron Transport System. Proc. Indian Nat. Sci. Acad. B47: 581-605.

[20] G. Sarojini and Govindjee (1981) Is CO2 an Active Species in Stimulating the Hill Reaction in Thylakoid Membranes? In: Photosynthesis, Vol. II. Photosynthetic Electron Transport and Photophosphorylation. (ed. G. Akoyunoglou), Balaban International Science Services, Philadelphia. pp. 143-150.

*[21] W.F.J. Vermaas and Govindjee (1981) The Acceptor Side of Photosystem II in Photosynthesis. Photochem. Photobiol. 34: 775-793.

[22] W.F.J. Vermaas and Govindjee (1982) Bicarbonate Effects on chlorophyll a Fluorescence Transients in the Presence and the Absence of Diuron. Biochim. et Biophys. Acta. 680: 202-209.

*[23] W.F.J. Vermaas and Govindjee (1982) Chapter 16: Bicarbonate or CO2 as a Requirement for Efficient Electron Transport on the Acceptor Side of Photosystem II. In: Photosynthesis II. Development, Carbon Metabolism, and Plant Productivity (ed. Govindjee), Academic Press, NY. pp. 541-558.

[24] W.F.J. Vermaas, J.J.S. van Rensen, and Govindjee (1982) The Interaction Between Bicarbonate and the Herbicide Ioxynil in the Thylakoid Membrane and the Effects of Amino Acid Modification. Biochim. et Biophys. Acta. 681: 242-247.

*[25] Govindjee, I.C. Baianu, C. Critchley and H.S. Gutowsky (1983) Comments on the Possible Roles of Bicarbonate and Chloride Ions in Photosystem II. In: Y. Inoue, A.R. Crofts, Govindjee, N. Murata, G. Renger and K. Satoh (eds.) The Oxygen Evolving System of Photosynthesis. Academic Press, Tokyo and San Diego. pp. 303-315.

[26] D.J. Blubaugh and Govindjee (1984) Comparison of Bicarbonate Effects on the Variable chlorophyll a Fluorescence of CO2-depleted and non CO2-depleted Thylakoids in the Presence of Diuron. Z. für Naturforschung. 39C: 378-381.

[27] H.H. Robinson, J.J. Eaton-Rye, J.J.S. van Rensen and Govindjee (1984) The Effects of Bicarbonate Depletion and Formate Incubation on the Kinetics of Oxidation-Reduction Reactions of the Photosystem II Quinone Acceptor Complex. Z. für Naturforschung. 39C: 382-385.

[28] P.V. Sane, Govindjee, T.S. Desai and V.G. Tatake (1984) Characterization of Glow Peaks of Chloroplast Membranes: III. Effects of Bicarbonate Depletion on Peaks I and II Associated with Photosystem II. Ind. J. Experimental Biol. 22: 267-269.

[29] Govindjee, H.Y. Nakatani, A.W. Rutherford and Y. Inoue (1984) Evidence from Thermoluminescence for Bicarbonate Action on the Recombination Reactions Involving the Secondary Quinone Electron Acceptor of Photosystem II. Biochim. et Biophys. Acta. 766: 416-423.

[30] J. J. Eaton-Rye and Govindjee (1984) A study of the specific effect of bicarbonate on photosynthetic electron transport in the presence of methyl viologen. Photobiochemistry and Photobiophysics. 8: 279-288.

*[31] Govindjee, J.J. Eaton-Rye, D.J. Blubaugh, and W. Coleman (1985) Action of Bicarbonate and Chloride Anions on Electron Transport in Thylakoid Membranes. In: Proceedings of Ion Interactions in Energy Transport Systems. Nuclear Research Center Demokritos, Athens, Greece. pp. 75-80.

*[32] J.J. Eaton-Rye, D.J. Blubaugh, and Govindjee (1986) Action of Bicarbonate on Photosynthetic Electron Transport in the Presence or Absence of Inhibitory Anions. In: Ion Interactions in Energy Transfer Biomembranes, (G. Papageorgiou, J. Barber and S. Papa, eds.). Plenum Press, New York. pp. 263-278.

[33] D.J.Blubaugh and Govindjee (1986) Bicarbonate, not CO2, is the Species Required for the Stimulation of Photosystem II Electron Transport. Biochim. et Biophys. Acta. 848: 147-151.

*[34] Govindjee and J.J. Eaton-Rye (1986) Electron Transfer through Photosystem II Acceptors: Interactions with Anions. Photosynth. Res. 10: 365-379.

[35] J.J. Eaton-Rye and Govindjee (1987) The Effect of pH and Flash Frequency on Electron Transfer Through the Quinone Acceptor Complex of PSII in Bicarbonate-depleted or Anion-inhibited Thylakoid Membranes. Progress in Photosynth. Res. 2: 433-436.

*[36] D. J. Blubaugh and Govindjee (1988) The Molecular Mechanism of the Bicarbonate Effect at the Plastoquinone Reductase Site of Photosynthesis. Photosynth. Res. 19: 85-128.

[37] J. J. Eaton-Rye and Govindjee (1988) Electron Transfer through the Quinone Acceptor Complex of Photosystem II in Bicarbonate-Depleted Spinach Thylakoid Membranes as a Function of Actinic Flash Number and Frequency. Biochim. et Biophys. Acta. 935: 237-247.

[38] J. J. Eaton-Rye and Govindjee (1988) Electron Transfer through the Quinone Acceptor Complex of Photosystem II after one or two Actinic Flashes in Bicarbonate-depleted Spinach Thylakoid Membranes. Biochim. et Biophys. Acta. 935: 248-257.

[39] D. J. Blubaugh and Govindjee (1988) Kinetics of the Bicarbonate Effect and the Number of Bicarbonate Binding Sites in Thylakoid Membranes. Biochim. et Biophys. Acta. 936: 208-214.

[40] Gy. Garab, Zs. Rozsa and Govindjee (1988) Carbon-dioxide affects Charge Accummulation in Leaves: Measurements by Thermoluminescence. Naturwissenschaften. 75: 517-519.

[41] D.J. Blubaugh and Govindjee (1988) Sites of Inhibition by Disulfiram in Thylakoid Membranes. Plant Physiology. 88: 1021-1025.

[42] J. Cao and Govindjee (1988) Bicarbonate Effect on Electron Flow in Cyanobacterium Synechocystis PCC 6803. Photosynth. Res. 19: 277-285.

[43] R. J. Shopes, D. Blubaugh, C. A. Wraight and Govindjee (1989) Absence of a Bicarbonate-depletion Effect in Electron Transfer Between Quinones in Chromatophores and Reaction Centers of Rhodobacter sphaeroides. Biochim. et Biophys. Acta. 974: 114-118.

[44] Govindjee, H. Robinson, A. R. Crofts and J. J. S. Van Rensen (1989) Bicarbonate does not influence electron transfer to the reaction center chlorophyll a of photosystem II: measurements by chlorophyll a fluoresence rise in microseconds. Naturwissenschaften. 76: 119-121.

[45] F. El-Shintinawy and Govindjee (1990) Bicarbonate Effect in Leaf Discs from Spinach. Photosynth. Res. 24: 189-200.

[46] F. El-Shintinawy and Govindjee (1990). Reversible Anion Interactions Between QA and QB and Between Z (or D) and QA in leaves and Green Algae. Current Research in Photosyntheses. (M. Baltscheffsky ed.). I.2: 511-518. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, Netherlands.

[47] J. Cao and Govindjee (1990). Anion Effects on the Electron Acceptor Side of Photosystem II in a Transformable Cyanobacterium Synechocystis 6803. Current Research in Photosynthesis. (M. Baltscheffsky ed.). I.2: 515-518. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, Netherlands.

[48] F. El-Shintinawy, C. Xu and Govindjee (1990). A Dual Bicarbonate-Reversible Formate Effect in Chlamydomonas cells. J. Plant Physiology. 136: 421-428.

[49] Govindjee, C. Vernotte, B. Peteri, C. Astier and A-L. Etienne (1990). Differential Sensitivity of Bicarbonate-reversible Formate Effects on Herbicide-resistant Mutants of Synechocystis 6714. FEBS Lett. 267: 273-276.

[50] Govindjee, H.G. Weger, D.H. Turpin, J.J.S. van Rensen, O.J. de Vos and J.F.H. Snel (1991) Formate Releases Carbon di-oxide/Bicarbonate from Thylakoid Membranes: Measurements by Mass Spectroscopy and Infrared Gas Analyzer. Naturwissenschaften. 78: 168-170.

[51] Govindjee, B. Schwarz, J-D. Rochaix and R.J. Strasser (1991) The Herbicide-resistant D1 Mutant L275F of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Fails to Show the Bicarbonate-reversible Formate Effect on Chlorophyll a Fluorescence Transients. Photosynth. Res. 27: 199-208.

*[52] Govindjee (1991) A Unique Role of CO2 in Photosystem II. In: Impact of Global Climatic Changes on Photosynthesis and Plant Productivity. (Y. Abrol, P. N. Wattal, A. Gnanam, Govindjee, D. R. Ort and A. H. Teramura eds.). Oxford/IBH Private Ltd, New Delhi. pp. 349-369.

[53] J. Cao, W.F.J. Vermaas and Govindjee (1991) Arginine Residues in the D2 Polypeptide May Stabilize Bicarbonate Binding in Photosystem II of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1059: 171-180.

[54] C. Xu, S. Taoka, A. R. Crofts and Govindjee (1991) Kinetic Characteristics of Formate/Formic Acid Binding at the Plastoquinone Reductase Site in Spinach Thylakoids. Biochim. et Biophys. Acta. 1098: 32-40.

[55] X. Wang, J. Cao, P. Maroti, H. U. Stilz, U. Finkele, C. Lauterwasse, W. Zinth, D. Oesterhelt, Govindjee and C. A. Wraight (1992) Is Bicarbonate in Photosystem II the equivalent of the Glutamate Ligand to the Iron Atom in Bacterial Reaction Centers? Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1100: 1-8.

[56] Govindjee, P. Eggenberg, K. Pfister and R. J. Strasser (1992) chlorophyll a Fluorescence Yield Decay in Herbicide-resistant D1 mutants of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and the Formate Effect. Biochim. et Biophys. Acta. 1101: 353-358.

[57] C. Xu, Y. Zhu and Govindjee (1992) Differential Inhibition and Rephasing of Photosystem II Electron Acceptor Side by Monohalogenated Acetates of Different Hydrophobicity. Z. Natur forschung. 47C: 121-126.

[58] Govindjee (1992) What About the Bicarbonate Effect? Research in Photosynthesis. (N. Murata ed.). II: 143-146. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, Netherlands.

[59] J. Cao, N. Ohad, J. Hirschberg, J. Xiong, and Govindjee (1992) Binding Affinity of Bicarbonate and Formate in Herbicide-resistant D1 Mutants of Synechococcus sp. PCC 7942. Photosynth. Res. 34: 397-408.

*[60] Govindjee and J.J.S. Van Rensen (1993) Photosystem II Reaction Centers and Bicarbonate. In: Photosynthetic Reaction Centers, Volume I. (J. Deisenhofer and J. R. Norris. eds.). Academic Press, Orlando. pp. 357-389.

*[61] Govindjee (1993) Bicarbonate-reversible Inhibition of Plastoquinone Reductase in Photosystem II. Zeitschr. für Naturforschg. 48c: 251-258.

[62] Govindjee, J.F.H. Snel, O. J. deVos and J.J.S. Van Rensen (1993) Antagonistic Effects of Light I and II on Chlorophyll a fluorescence yield and P700 turnover as monitors of carbon dioxide depletion in intact algal and cyanobacterial cells. Physiologia Plant. 89: 143-148.

*[63] D. Naber, J.J.S. Van Rensen and Govindjee (1993) High Misses after Odd Flashes in Thoroughly Dark-adapted Thylakoids from Pea and Chenopodium album. Photosynth. Res. 38: 309-314.

[64] Maenpaa, P. T. Miranda, E. Tyystjarvi, T. Tyystjarvi, Govindjee, J-M. Ducruet, A.-L. Etienne and D. Kirilovsky (1995) A mutation in the D-de loop of D1 modifies the stability of the S2QA- and S2QB- states in photosystem II. Plant Physiol. 107: 187-197.

[65] Vernotte, C. J.-M. Briantais, C. Astier and Govindjee (1995) Differential effects of formate in single and double mutants of D1 in Synechocystis species PCC 6714. Biochim. et Biophys. Acta. 1229 : 296-301.

[66]Oscar J. deVos, van Rensen J.J.S. and Govindjee (1995) Photosystem II electron flow requires bound bicarbonate. In: Photosynthesis: from Light to Biosphere. (Ed. P. Mathis), Kluwer Academic Publishers, The Netherlands.Volume I, pp. 567-570.

[67]Xiong J., Hutchison R., Sayre, R. and Govindjee (1995) Characterization of a site-directed mutant (D1-arginine 269-glycine) of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii.. In: Photosynthesis: from Light to Biosphere. (Ed. P. Mathis), Kluwer Academic Publishers, The Netherlands.Volume I, pp. 575-578.

[68] Xiong, J. S. Subramaniam and Govindjee (1996) Modeling of the D1/D2 proteins and cofactors of the photosystem II reaction center : Implications for herbicide and bicarbonate binding. Protein Sci. 5 :2054-2073.

[69] Hutchison, R.S. J. Xiong, R.T. Sayre and Govindjee (1996) Construction and characterization of a photosystem II D1 mutant (arginine-269-glycine) of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Biochim. et Biophys. Acta. 1277 :83-92.

[70] Yu, H. Zheng, X.-H. Li, K.-B. Song, H.-Y. Xu, C.-H. and Govindjee (1997) Comparison of different effects of chloroacetates on electron transport in PS II and in the reaction center of Rb.sphaeroides 601. Acta Biochimica et Biophysica Sinica. 29 : 36-43.

[71] Li, R. N. Lin, C. Xu, Y. Shen and Govindjee (1997) Trichloroacetate affects redox active tyrosine 160 of the D2 polypeptide of the photosystem II core. Zeitschrift fuer Naturforschung. 52 C: 782-788.

[72] Xiong, J. R.S. Hutchison, R.T. Sayre and Govindjee (1997) Modification of the photosystem II acceptor side function in a D1 mutant (arginine-269-glycine) of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii.. Biochim. et Biophys. Acta. 1322: 60-76.

[73] Govindjee; C. Xu and J.J.S. van Rensen (1997) On the requirement of bound bicarbonate for photosystem II. Zeitschrift fuer Naturforschung. 52C: 24-32.

[74] Govindjee; C. Xu, G. Schansker and J.J.S. van Rensen (1997) Chloroacetates as inhibitors of photosystem II: effects on electron acceptor side. J. Photochem. and Photobiol.B: Biology. 37: 107-117.

[75] Mulo,P. T. Tyystjarvi, E. Tyystjarvi, Govindjee; P. Maenpaa and E-M. Aro (1997) Mutagenesis of the D-E loop of photosystem II reaction centre protein D1. Function and assembly of photosystem II. Plant Molecular Biology. 33: 1059-1071.

[76] Xiong, J. Minagawa, J. Crofts,A.R. and Govindjee (1998) Loss of inhibition by formate in newly constructed Photosystem II D1 mutants, D1-R257E and D1-R257M, of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Biochim. et Biophys. Acta. 1365: 473-491.

[77] Xu C., Li R., Hou C., Yu X., Yu Y., Zeng X., Shen Y.,and Govindjee (1998) On differences in accessibility and redox activity of D1-Y161 and D2-Y160 of PSII as probed by halogenated acetates. In: Photosynthesis: Mechanisms and Effects. (Ed. G. Garab). Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, Netherlands. pp. 1181-1184.

*[78] Van Rensen, J.J.S. Xu,C. and Govindjee (1999) Role of bicarbonate in the photosystem II, the water-plastoquinone oxido-reductase of plant photosynthesis. Physiologia Plantarum. 105: 585-592.


Photophosphorylation; ATP Synthase     

[1] G.W. Bedell and Govindjee (1973) Photophosphorylation in Intact Algae: Effects of Inhibitors, Intensity of Light, Electron Acceptors and Donors. Plant Cell Physiol. 14: 1081-1097.

[2] D. VanderMeulen and Govindjee (1975) Interactions of Fluorescent Analogs of Adenine Nucleotides with Coupling Factor Protein Isolated from Spinach Chloroplasts. FEBS Lett. 57: 272-275.

[3] D.L. VanderMeulen and Govindjee (1977) Binding of Modified Adenine Nucleotides to Isolated Coupling Factor from Chloroplasts as Measured by Polarization of Fluorescence. Eur. J. Biochem. 78: 585-598.

[4] H.M. Younis, J.S. Boyer, and Govindjee (1979) Conformation and Activity of Chloroplast Coupling Factor Exposed to Low Chemical Potential of Water in Cells. Biochim. et Biophys. Acta. 548: 228-240.

[5] Spilotro P.J., Patil S.C., and Govindjee (1998) Chlorophyll a fluorescence measurements of an Arabidopsis mutant, altered in the gamma-subunit of the ATP synthase, display changes in non-photochemical quenching. In: Photosynthesis: Mechanisms and Effects. (Ed. G. Garab). Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, Netherlands. pp. 2253-2256.


Heavy Metal Effects     

[1] M.B. Bazzaz and Govindjee (1974) Effects of Cadmium Nitrate on Spectral Characteristics and Light Reactions of Chloroplasts. Environ. Lett. 6: 1-12.

[2] M.B. Bazzaz and Govindjee (1974) Effects of Lead Chloride on Chloroplast Reactions. Environ. Lett. 6: 175-191.

[3] D. Wong and Govindjee (1976) Effects of Lead Ions on Photosystem I in Isolated Chloroplasts: Studies on the Reaction Center P700. Photosynthetica. 10: 241-254.


Work On Mutants     

[1] M.B. Bazzaz, Govindjee, and D.J. Paolillo (1974) Biochemical, Spectral, and Structural Study of Olive Necrotic 8147 Mutant in Zea Mays. L. Z. Pflanzenphysiol. 72: 181-192.

[2] Govindjee, C. Vernotte, B. Peteri, C. Astier and A-L. Etienne (1990). Differential Sensitivity of Bicarbonate-reversible Formate Effects on Herbicide-resistant Mutants of Synechocystis 6714. FEBS Lett. 267: 273-276.

[3] Govindjee, B. Schwarz, J-D. Rochaix and R.J. Strasser (1991) The Herbicide-resistant D1 Mutant L275F of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Fails to Show the Bicarbonate-reversible Formate Effect on Chlrophyll a Fluorescence Transients. Photosynth. Res. 27: 199-208.

[4] J. Cao, W.F.J. Vermaas and Govindjee (1991) Arginine Residues in the D2 Polypeptide May Stabilize Bicarbonate Binding in Photosystem II of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1059: 171-180.

[5] J. Cao, N. Ohad, J. Hirschberg, J. Xiong, and Govindjee (1992) Binding Affinity of Bicarbonate and Formate in Herbicide-resistant D1 Mutants of Synechococcus sp. PCC 7942. Photosynth. Res. 34: 397-408.

[6] D.M. Kramer, R.A. Roffey, Govindjee and R.T. Sayre (1994) The At thermoluminescence band from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and the effects of mutagenesis of histidine residues on the donor side of the photosystem II D1 polypeptide. Biochim. et Biophys. Acta. 1185: 228-237.

[7] Roffey, R.A. D.M. Kramer, Govindjee and R.T. Sayre (1994) Lumenal side histidine mutations in the D1 protein of photosystem II affect donor side electron transfer in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Biochim. et Biophys. Acta. 1185: 257-270.

[8] Srivastava, A.K. Strasser, R.J. and Govindjee (1995) Polyphasic rise of chlorophyll a fluorescence in herbicide-resistant D1 mutants of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Photosynth. Res. 43: 131-141.

[9] Vernotte, C. J.-M. Briantais, C. Astier and Govindjee (1995) Differential effects of formate in single and double mutants of D1 in Synechocystis species PCC 6714. Biochim. et Biophys. Acta. 1229 : 296-301.

[10]Xiong J., Hutchison R., Sayre, R. and Govindjee (1995) Characterization of a site-directed mutant (D1-arginine 269-glycine) of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii.. In: Photosynthesis: from Light to Biosphere. (Ed. P. Mathis), Kluwer Academic Publishers, The Netherlands.Volume I, pp. 575-578.

[11] Hutchison, R.S. J. Xiong, R.T. Sayre and Govindjee (1996) Construction and characterization of a photosystem II D1 mutant (arginine-269-glycine) of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Biochim. et Biophys. Acta. 1277 :83-92.

[12] Xiong, J. R.S. Hutchison, R.T. Sayre and Govindjee (1997) Modification of the photosystem II acceptor side function in a D1 mutant (arginine-269-glycine) of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii.. Biochim. et Biophys. Acta. 1322: 60-76.

[13] Mulo,P. T. Tyystjarvi, E. Tyystjarvi, Govindjee; P. Maenpaa and E-M. Aro (1997) Mutagenesis of the D-E loop of photosystem II reaction centre protein D1. Function and assembly of photosystem II. Plant Molecular Biology. 33: 1059-1071.

[14] Xiong, J. Minagawa, J. Crofts,A.R. and Govindjee (1998) Loss of inhibition by formate in newly constructed Photosystem II D1 mutants, D1-R257E and D1-R257M, of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Biochim. et Biophys. Acta. 1365: 473-491.

[15] Keränen M., Mulo P., Aro E.-M., Govindjee, and Tyystjärvi E (1998) Thermoluminescence B and Q bands are at the same temperature in an autotrophic and a heterotrophic D1 protein mutant of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. In: Photosynthesis: Mechanisms and Effects. (Ed. G. Garab). Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, Netherlands. pp. 1145-1148.

[16] Tyystjaervi,E. Kernen,M. Mulo,P.Govindjee, van Rensen, J.J.S. and Aro,E-M. (1999) chlorophyll a fluorescence yield decay, thermoluminescence and delayed light emission in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 D1 mutants with deleted aminoacids in the DE loop:T227-Y246; R225-F239; R225-V249; and G240-V249. To be submitted.

[17] Tyystjaervi, E., M. Keränen, P. Mulo, Govindjee; J.J. S. van Rensen and E-M. Aro (1999) Chlorophyll a fluorescence yield decay, thermoluminescence and delayed light emission in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 D1 mutants with deleted aminoacids in the DE loop:T227-Y246; R225-F239; R225-V249; and G240-V249. To be submitted.


Effects of Virus Infection     

[1] S. Ranjan, Govindjee, and M.M. Laloraya (1955) Chromatographic Studies on the Amino Acid Metabolism of Healthy and Diseased Leaves of Croton sparsiflorus Morong.Proc.Natl.Inst.Sci. (India). 21: 42-47.

[2] M.M. Laloraya, Govindjee, and T. Rajarao (1955) A Chromatographic Study of the Amino Acids (and Sugars) of Healthy and Diseased Leaves of Acalypha indica. Curr.Sci. (India). 24: 203.

[3] M.M. Laloraya and Govindjee (1956) Effect of Tobacco Leaf-curl and Tobacco Masaic Virus on the Amino Acid Content of Nicotiana sp. Nature(London). 175: 907.

[4] T. Rajarao, M.M. Laloraya, and Govindjee (1956) Absence of Some Free Amino Acids from the Diseased Leaves of Trichosanthes angiuna.Naturwissenschaften. 43: 301.

[5] M.M. Laloraya, Govindjee, R. Varma, and T. Rajarao (1956) Increased Formation of Asparagine in Carica-curl Virus Infected Leaves. Experientia. 12: 58.

[6] Govindjee, M.M. Laloraya, and T. Rajarao (1956) Formation of Asparagine and Increase in the Free Amino Acid Content in Virus Infected Leaves of Abelmoschus esculentus. Experientia. 12: 180.


Effects of X-Rays     

[1] Govindjee (1956) Effect of X-rays on the Oxygen Uptake of Cicer arietinum T87 Seedlings. Naturwissenschaften. 43: 524.

[2] Govindjee (1957) Effect of X-rays on the Content of Free Amino Acids and Amides of Cicer arietinum T87 Seedlings. Naturwissenschaften. 44: 183.


Magnetic Resonance Measurements     

[1] T. Wydrzynski, N. Zumbulyadis, P.G. Schmidt, and Govindjee (1975) Water Proton Relaxation as a Monitor of Membrane- bound Manganese in Spinach Chloroplasts. Biochim. et Biophys. Acta. 408: 349-354.

*[2] T. Wydrzynski, Govindjee, N. Zumbulyadis, P.G. Schmidt, and H.S. Gutowsky (1976) NMR Studies on Chloroplast Membranes. In: Magnetic Resonance in Colloid and Interface Science (eds. H.A. Resing and G.G. Wade) A.C.S. Symposium Series 34, American Chemical Society. pp. 471-487.

[3] P. Jursinic, J. Warden, and Govindjee (1976) A Major Site of Bicarbonate Effect in System II Reaction: Evidence from ESR Signal II vf, Fast Fluorescence Yield Changes and Delayed Light Emission. Biochim. et Biophys. Acta. 440: 323-330.

[4] A.J. Hoff, Govindjee, and J.C. Romijn (1977) Electron Spin Resonance in Zero Magnetic Field of Triplet States of Chloroplasts and Subchloroplast Particles. FEBS Lett. 73: 191-196.

[5] T.J. Wydrzynski, S.B. Marks, P.G. Schmidt, Govindjee, and H.S. Gutowsky (1978) Nuclear Magnetic Relaxation by the Manganese in Aqueous Suspensions of Chloroplasts. Biochemistry. 17: 2155-2162.

*[6] S.B. Marks, T. Wydrzynski, Govindjee, P.G. Schmidt, and H.S. Gutowsky (1978) An NMR Study of Manganese in Chloroplast Membranes. In: Biomolecular Structure and Function (ed. P.F. Agris) Ac

(see recent publications for the rest)



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