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WINSORG Report Tables
Table 1: Relationship between growth stages and coefficients used in CERES-Sorghum and
WINSORG, adapted from Bonhomme and Ruget (1991) and Jegu (1994).
Growth stages
of sorghum |
|
| Sowing |
Germination |
Emergence |
End of juvenile |
Panicle initiation |
End of leaf elongation |
End of panicle growth |
End of grain filling |
Maturity |
|
| 8
9
1
2
3
4
5
6
7 |
CERES-Sorghum |
Division of growth stages used
for partitioning |
|
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
|
Genotype-specific coefficients |
P9 |
P1 |
P3 |
P4 |
P5 |
|
WINSORG |
Growth stages used for
partitioning |
S1
|
S2 |
S3 |
S4 |
S5 |
S6 |
S7 |
Table 2. Partitioning coefficients of WINSORG (from thesis, after Bonhomme and Ruget,
1991; Jegu, 1994, both INRA publications).
| Growth stages |
1 Sowing to Emergence |
2 Emergence to end of juvenile stage |
3 End of juvenile to panicle initiation |
4 Panicle initiation to end of leaf expansion |
5 End of leaf expansion to end of panicle growth |
6 End of panicle growth to end of grain filling |
7 End of grain filling to maturity |
| Leaves |
0.1 |
0.75 |
0.85 |
0.35 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Stems |
0 |
0 |
0.05 |
0.38 |
0.96 |
0.70 |
0 |
| Roots |
0.1 |
0.25 |
0.15 |
0.27 |
0.04 |
0.20 |
0 |
| Grains |
-1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0.10 |
0 |
Table 3. Elapsed thermal times used in WINSORG to simulate the growth of a sorghum crop
in Catania, 1993.
|
Elapse of thermal time above base temperature of
9.3oC. (oC days) |
|
| To end of 1st stage |
360 |
Used trial and error to find simulation that gave
best fit to data. |
| To end of 2nd stage |
400 |
Trial and error |
| To end of 3rd stage |
540 |
Medeiros (1997). |
| To end of 4th stage |
850 |
Trial and error |
| To end of 5th stage |
1100 |
Trial and error |
| To end of 6th stage |
1450 |
Trial and error |
| To end of 7th stage |
1640 |
Medeiros (1997). |
Table 4: Parameter values for WINSORG to simulate the growth of a
sorghum crop in Catania, Italy in 1993.
| Parameter |
Value |
Units |
Reference |
| Latitude |
37.8 |
oN |
Thesis of Medeiros (1997). |
| Plant Density |
13 |
plants m-2 |
Thesis of Medeiros (1997). |
| C4 leaf properties Vcmax
Initial slope of Aci curve |
39
0.4 |
µmol m-2 s-1
mol m-2 s-1 |
Collatz et al. (1992) (Found to match
slope of Loreto’s Aci data.) |
| Respiration Leaf respiration
Canopy respiration scaled from leaf respiration |
4.9 |
µmol m-2 s-1 |
(4.9 µmol m-2 s-1 was
found by trial and error to give best simulation of sorghum crop growth.) |
| Growth dates: Harvest day
Planting day |
316
185 |
JD
JD |
Thesis of Medeiros (1997) Thesis of Medeiros
(1997) |
| Maximum LAI |
10 |
|
Assumed |
| Base temperature for leaf expansion |
9.3 |
o C |
Thesis of Medeiros (1997) |
| Specific leaf area |
52 |
g m-2 |
Trial and error |
| Wind speed profile |
|
|
Assumed to be logarithmic |
| Plant aging and senescence Average thermal time
for leaves to senesce
Average thermal time for leaves to senesce |
1860
1950 |
o C days
o C days |
Trial and error. Trial and error. |
Table 5. Parameter values used for testing WINSORG simulations of
sorghum growth at Policoro in 1993, Guadiano in 1994, Thebes in 1994 and Lusignan in 1991.
|
Latitude
(oN) |
Planting Density
(plants m-2) |
Sowing Date
(Julian day) |
Harvest Date
(Julian day) |
Policoro, Italy
(1993) |
40.2 |
12 |
145 |
252 |
Guadiano, Italy
(1994) |
41.05 |
10 |
136 |
283 |
Thebes, Greece
(1994) |
38.38 |
14 |
131 |
299 |
Lusignan, France
(1991) |
46.4 |
13 |
136 |
282 |
Table 6. r2 values found after testing WINSORG simulations
of sorghum growth at Policoro in 1993, Guadiano in 1994, Thebes in 1994 and Lusignan in
1991.
|
Above ground dry weight |
Stems dry weight |
Leaf dry weight |
All dry weight data |
Leaf area index |
Policoro, Italy
(1993) |
0.96 |
|
|
|
0.87 |
Guadiano, Italy
(1994) |
0.80 |
|
|
|
0.80 |
Thebes, Greece
(1994) |
0.63 |
0.82 |
0.02 |
0.79 |
0.72 |
Lusignan, France
(1991) |
0.96 |
0.99 |
0.98 |
0.95 |
0.99 |
Table 7: Soil parameter values for WINSORG to simulate the growth of a
sorghum crop in Catania, Italy in 1993.
| Parameter |
Value |
Units |
| Soil type |
Sandy Loam |
|
| Soil depth |
1.2 |
m |
| Number of layers |
10 |
|
| Field capacity |
0.27 |
m3 m-3 |
| Wilting point |
0.11 |
m3 m-3 |
| Soil temperature |
Based on measured daily mean temperature |
|
| Volumetric water content: Soil layer 1
Soil layer 2
Soil layer 3
Soil layer 4
Soil layer 5
Soil layer 6
Soil layer 7
Soil layer 8
Soil layer 9
Soil layer 10 |
0.15
0.15
0.19
0.19
0.19
0.27
0.27
0.27
0.27
0.27 |
m3 m-3
m3 m-3
m3 m-3
m3 m-3
m3 m-3
m3 m-3
m3 m-3
m3 m-3
m3 m-3
m3 m-3 |
Table 8. Rainfall (r) and irrigation (mm) received by water-stressed treatments at
Catania.
| Julian day |
STR1 |
STR2 |
STR3 |
POT |
| 188 |
39 |
39 |
39 |
39 |
| 210 |
20 |
20 |
20 |
20 |
| 213 |
20 |
20 |
20 |
20 |
| 216 |
|
30 |
30 |
30 |
| 218 |
|
30 |
30 |
30 |
| 221 |
|
|
40 |
40 |
| 225 |
|
|
40 |
40 |
| 230 |
|
|
37 |
37 |
| 238 |
|
|
40 |
40 |
| 245 |
|
|
37 |
37 |
| 253 |
|
|
37 |
37 |
| 260 |
|
|
|
40 |
| 263 |
|
|
|
40 |
| 266 |
|
|
|
39 |
| 269 |
|
|
|
38 |
| 272 |
11 (r) |
11 (r) |
11 (r) |
11 (r) |
| 305 |
9.5 (r) |
9.5 (r) |
9.5 (r) |
9.5 (r) |
| 311 |
20 (r) |
20 (r) |
20 (r) |
20 (r) |
Table 9. r2 values of simulated versus observed dry
weight and LAI for different levels of water stressed crops grown at Catania.
Water stress treatment |
Above ground dry weight |
Stems dry weight |
Leaf dry weight |
All dry weight data |
Leaf area index |
POT |
0.98 |
0.99 |
0.58 |
0.97 |
0.98 |
STR3 |
0.97 |
0.99 |
0.62 |
0.96 |
0.93 |
STR2 |
0.98 |
0.99 |
0.59 |
0.96 |
0.93 |
STR1 |
0.97 |
0.96 |
0.42 |
0.95 |
0.94 |
Table 10: Soil parameter values for WINSORG to simulate the growth of
sorghum crops in Policoro, Italy in 1993; Lusignan, France in 1991; Thebes, Greece in 1994
and Guadiano, Italy in 1994.
| Parameter |
Policoro |
Lusignan |
Thebes |
Guadiano |
| Soil type |
Sandy Loam |
Clay Loam |
Clay Loam |
Sandy Loam |
| Soil depth (m) |
1.5 |
1.1 |
1.8 |
0.7 |
| Number of layers |
10 |
10 |
10 |
10 |
| Field capacity (m3 m-3) |
0.315 |
0.181 |
0.31 |
0.314 |
| Wilting point (m3 m-3) |
0.149 |
0.11 |
0.19 |
0.200 |
| Volumetric water content: (m3 m-3) Soil
layer 1
Soil layer 2
Soil layer 3
Soil layer 4
Soil layer 5
Soil layer 6
Soil layer 7
Soil layer 8
Soil layer 9
Soil layer 10 |
0.22
0.22
0.22
0.315
0.315
0.315
0.315
0.315
0.315
0.315 |
0.131
0.131
0.178
0.178
0.216
0.216
0.216
0.216
0.24
0.24 |
0.21
0.22
0.31
0.31
0.30
0.30
0.30
0.30
0.30
0.30 |
0.24
0.24
0.24
0.24
0.24
0.24
0.24
0.29
0.29
0.29 |
Table 11: Parameter values for WINSORG to simulate the growth of a sorghum
crop in Rutigliano, Italy in 1997.
| Parameter |
Value |
Units |
|
| Latitude |
40.01 |
oN |
(ISA, Bari) |
| Growth dates: Harvest day
Planting day |
250
142 |
JD
JD |
Assumed (ISA, Bari) |
| Type of soil |
Clay |
|
(ISA, Bari) |
| Planting density |
11 |
Plants m-2 |
Assumed |
| Volumetric water content |
0.25
0.26 |
m3 m-3
for top 5 layers
m3 m-3 for lower 5 layers |
(ISA, Bari) |
Table 12. r2 values found after testing WINSORG simulations,
with temperature and water stress effects, of sorghum growth at Policoro in 1993, Guadiano
in 1994, Thebes in 1994 and Lusignan in 1991.
|
Above ground dry weight |
Stems dry weight |
Leaf dry weight |
All dry weight data |
Leaf area index |
Policoro, Italy
(1993) |
0.95 |
|
|
|
0.79 |
Guadiano, Italy
(1994) |
0.83 |
|
|
|
0.86 |
Thebes, Greece
(1994) |
0.64 |
0.83 |
0.04 |
0.80 |
0.68 |
Lusignan, France
(1991) |
0.97 |
0.97 |
0.92 |
0.97 |
0.84 |
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